scholarly journals Application of serological typing to the investigation of outbreaks ofClostridium perfringensfood poisoning, 1970–1978

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Stringer ◽  
P. C. B. Turnbull ◽  
R. J. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
Food Hygiene ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Serological Typing ◽  
Epidemiological Tool ◽  
History Of ◽  
Type Strains

SUMMARYSerological typing was used as an epidemiological tool in the investigation of 524 outbreakes ofClostridium perfringensfood poisoning in the United Kingdom and 37 outbreaks in other countries.Five thousand five hundred and fifty-four (77%) of 7245 strains ofC. perfringensassociation 561 outbreaks were typable with the 75 Food Hygiene Laboratory antisera; in 354 (63%) of these outbreaks were typable with the 75 Food Hygiene Laboratory antisera; in 354 (63%) of these outbreaks a specific serotype was established as being responsible for the outbreak.An assessment is made of the ability of two additional sets of antisera, prepared against 34 American and 34 Japanese strains ofC. perfringens, to increase the number of strains which can be typed. The extent of cross-reaction between the three sets of antisera was determined and the results are discussed in relation to the source and history of the type strains.

scholarly journals Staphylococcal food poisoning in the United Kingdom, 1969–90

1993 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Wieneke ◽  
D. Roberts ◽  
R. J. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Food Hygiene ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

SUMMARYBetween 1969 and 1990 strains ofStaphylococcus aureusfrom 359 outbreaks and sporadic cases of staphylococcal food poisoning in the United Kingdom were examined in the PHLS Food Hygiene Laboratory for the production of enterotoxin. In a number of instances the incriminated foods were also examined for the presence of enterotoxin. Strains from 79% of incidents produced enterotoxin A alone or together with another enterotoxin. The level ofS. aureuspresent in the foods ranged from no viableS. aureusdetected to 1.5 × 1010c.f.u./g with a median of 3.0 × 107c.f.u./g. Enterotoxin was detected in foods in the absence of viableS. aureusin only two outbreaks and in both cheese was the implicated food. Meat. poultry or their products were the vehicle in 75% of incidents with ham and chicken most frequently implicated. Other foods included fish and shellfish (7%) and milk and milk products (8%). Most contamination took place in the home followed by restaurants and shops. Seventy-one percent of the incident strains were lysed by phages of group III or I/III.

History of political and civil rights of women in the United Kingdom

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (11) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Maria Zhukova ◽  
Elena Maystrovich ◽  
Elena Muratova ◽  
Aleksey Fedyakin
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of

Volunteering in hospice and palliative care in the United Kingdom

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ros Scott
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Strategic Direction ◽  
Palliative Care Services ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Hospice And Palliative Care ◽  
Changing Role

This chapter explores the history of volunteers in the founding and development of United Kingdom (UK) hospice services. It considers the changing role and influences of volunteering on services at different stages of development. Evidence suggests that voluntary sector hospice and palliative care services are dependent on volunteers for the range and quality of services delivered. Within such services, volunteer trustees carry significant responsibility for the strategic direction of the organiszation. Others are engaged in diverse roles ranging from the direct support of patient and families to public education and fundraising. The scope of these different roles is explored before considering the range of management models and approaches to training. This chapter also considers the direct and indirect impact on volunteering of changing palliative care, societal, political, and legislative contexts. It concludes by exploring how and why the sector is changing in the UK and considering the growing autonomy of volunteers within the sector.

scholarly journals Dying to Go Green: The Introduction of Resomation in the United Kingdom

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Georgina M. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Religious Perspectives ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

In an age where concern for the environment is paramount, individuals are continuously looking for ways to reduce their carbon footprint—does this now extend to in one’s own death? How can one reduce the environmental impact of their own death? This paper considers various methods of disposing the human body after death, with a particular focus on the environmental impact that the different disposal techniques have. The practices of ‘traditional’ burial, cremation, ‘natural’ burial, and ‘resomation’ will be discussed, with focus on the prospective introduction of the funerary innovation of the alkaline hydrolysis of human corpses, trademarked as ‘Resomation’, in the United Kingdom. The paper situates this process within the history of innovative corpse disposal in the UK in order to consider how this innovation may function within the UK funeral industry in the future, with reference made to possible religious perspectives on the process.

Incidence of factor VIII inhibitors throughout life in severe hemophilia A in the United Kingdom

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (23) ◽  
pp. 6367-6370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R.M. Hay ◽  
Ben Palmer ◽  
Elizabeth Chalmers ◽  
Ri Liesner ◽  
Rhona Maclean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Hemophilia A ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Severe Hemophilia ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Previously Treated Patients ◽  
Adjusted Incidence

Abstract The age-adjusted incidence of new factor VIII inhibitors was analyzed in all United Kingdom patients with severe hemophilia A between 1990 and 2009. Three hundred fifteen new inhibitors were reported to the National Hemophilia Database in 2528 patients with severe hemophilia who were followed up for a median (interquartile range) of 12 (4-19) years. One hundred sixty (51%) of these arose in patients ≥ 5 years of age after a median (interquartile range) of 6 (4-11) years' follow-up. The incidence of new inhibitors was 64.29 per 1000 treatment-years in patients < 5 years of age and 5.31 per 1000 treatment-years at age 10-49 years, rising significantly (P = .01) to 10.49 per 1000 treatment-years in patients more than 60 years of age. Factor VIII inhibitors arise in patients with hemophilia A throughout life with a bimodal risk, being greatest in early childhood and in old age. HIV was associated with significantly fewer new inhibitors. The inhibitor incidence rate ratio in HIV-seropositive patients was 0.32 times that observed in HIV-seronegative patients (P < .001). Further study is required to explore the natural history of later-onset factor VIII inhibitors and to investigate other potential risk factors for inhibitor development in previously treated patients.

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