The changing concepts of tracheostomy

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 899-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Main Indication ◽  
Near Future

SummayAN analysis of 110 tracheostomies done over a period of 4½ years in a teaching hospital in a developing country is presented in this paper. It will be interesting to note that upper airway obstruction leading to tracheostomy no longer holds the supreme position it used to hold only a short while ago. The main indication for the operation in this study has been—TETANUS. It is surmised that—in the near future—HEAD INJURY is going to be the prime indication for this operation.

scholarly journals Upper Airway Obstruction among the Paediatric Population in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital: The Place of Tracheostomy in the Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
M. U. Ibekwe ◽  
Paul Ni
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Foreign Body Aspiration ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Respiratory Difficulty ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Paediatric Age

Background: The paediatric age group has very peculiar anatomic and physiologic airways therefore, obstruction which commonly occurs in this population, can pose serious challenges in this age group. Aim: To study the pattern and aetiology of acute upper airway obstruction in the paediatric age group in University of Port Harcourt teaching hospital and to determine the place of tracheostomy in the management. Patients and Methods: It is a descriptive hospital based study of all paediatric patients; aged 0-15 years with upper airway obstruction that presented to the ear, nose and throat department and the children emergency ward of university of Port Harcourt teaching hospital within the period of January 2014 to December 2019. Data on demographics, clinical presentations, causes and management were obtained using a Proforma. The diagnosis of upper airway obstruction is made in a child with any degree of respiratory difficulty with or without associated stridor or stertor arising from lesions above the thoracic inlet. Children with respiratory difficulty other than that from an upper airway obstruction were excluded from the study. Data obtained were analyzed with the IBM statistical package for social sciences SPSS version 20. Results were presented in simple descriptive forms with tables. Results: One hundred and sixty paediatric patients with upper air way obstruction with age ranging from 0-15 years were studied. The prevalence of upper airway obstruction was 1.87%. There were more males than females; male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Age group 4-7 years were the most affected, 43.75%. Foreign body aspiration was the commonest cause. Majority of the patients had tracheostomy done, 48.75%. Mortality was n=1(0.625%). Conclusion: Upper air way obstruction among the paediatric age group is still common with foreign body aspiration as a very important cause in our setting. The very young are the most affected and tracheostomy appears to still be the main option of securing airway in these cases in our environment.

scholarly journals Classification of directionally specific vagus nerve activity using an upper airway obstruction model in anesthetized rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sabetian ◽  
Y. Sadat-Nejad ◽  
Paul B. Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Gaussian Kernel ◽  
Recording Electrode ◽  
Cuff Electrode ◽  
Nerve Cuff ◽  
Svm Model ◽  
Nerve Cuff Electrode

AbstractElectrical signals from the peripheral nervous system have the potential to provide the necessary motor, sensory or autonomic information for implementing closed-loop control of neuroprosthetic or neuromodulatory systems. However, developing methods to recover information encoded in these signals is a significant challenge. Our goal was to test the feasibility of measuring physiologically generated nerve action potentials that can be classified as sensory or motor signals. A tetrapolar recording nerve cuff electrode was used to measure vagal nerve (VN) activity in a rodent model of upper airway obstruction. The effect of upper airway occlusions on VN activity related to respiration (RnP) was calculated and compared for 4 different cases: (1) intact VN, (2) VN transection only proximal to recording electrode, (3) VN transection only distal to the recording electrode, and (4) transection of VN proximal and distal to electrode. We employed a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model with Gaussian Kernel to learn a model capable of classifying efferent and afferent waveforms obtained from the tetrapolar electrode. In vivo results showed that the RnP values decreased significantly during obstruction by 91.7% ± 3.1%, and 78.2% ± 3.4% for cases of intact VN or proximal transection, respectively. In contrast, there were no significant changes for cases of VN transection at the distal end or both ends of the electrode. The SVM model yielded an 85.8% accuracy in distinguishing motor and sensory signals. The feasibility of measuring low-noise directionally-sensitive neural activity using a tetrapolar nerve cuff electrode along with the use of an SVM classifier was shown. Future experimental work in chronic implant studies is needed to support clinical translatability.

Upper Airway Obstruction in Paediatrics

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-738
Author(s):  
Elliot J. Rhine ◽  
Gary G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction
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