Effects of Stellate Ganglion Block Through Different Approaches Under Guidance of Ultrasound

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of stellate ganglion block (SGB) through different approaches under guidance of ultrasound.MethodsA total of 130 patients undergoing SGB in our hospital between February 2019 and February 2020 were enrolled as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, these subjects were divided into two groups: a modified 6th cervical vertebra (C6) group (n = 65) and a 7th cervical vertebra (C7) group (n = 65). Under the guidance of ultrasound, the subjects in the modified C6 group were punctured at the level of the C6 transverse process, and the subjects in the C7 group were punctured at the level of the C7 transverse process. The operation duration, number of puncture angle adjustments, block effects, and adverse reactions for SGB were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe modified C6 group showed shorter SGB operation duration and a lower number of puncture angle adjustments than the C7 group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Horner Syndrome occurred in both groups after SGB. The incidence of adverse reactions in the modified C6 group was 4.62%, comprising 1 case of hoarseness and 2 cases of slowed pulse, while that in the C7 group was 6.15%, with 1 case of hoarseness and 3 cases of slowed pulse; the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe operation duration for modified SGB guided by ultrasound puncturing at the C6 transverse process is shorter and requires fewer puncture angle adjustments than puncturing at the C7 transverse process; however, there is no significant difference between the incidence of adverse reactions or the blocking effects of the two methods.

Current and investigational therapies for the treatment of refractory ventricular fibrillation

Disclaimer In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. Purpose Esmolol, dual sequential defibrillation, vector change defibrillation, and left stellate ganglion block are presented and reviewed for the treatment of refractory ventricular fibrillation. Summary Although no formal definition has been established for refractory ventricular fibrillation, the literature describes it as a pulseless ventricular arrhythmia that persists despite 3 standard defibrillation attempts, administration of amiodarone 300 mg intravenously, and provision of three 1-mg intravenous doses of epinephrine. Evolving literature surrounding resuscitation in this particular subset of cardiac arrest challenges the efficacy of traditional therapies, such as epinephrine, and suggests that other treatment modalities may improve outcomes. Case reports, case series, and small retrospective studies have pointed to benefit when utilizing a variety of therapies, namely, esmolol, dual sequential defibrillation, vector change defibrillation, or left stellate ganglion block, in patients with refractory ventricular fibrillation arrest. Conclusion A mounting, although limited, body of evidence suggests that esmolol, dual sequential defibrillation, vector change defibrillation, or left stellate ganglion block may be effective at terminating refractory ventricular fibrillation and improving patient outcomes. Further evidence is required before these therapies can be adopted as standard practice; however, as key members of the code response team, it is imperative for pharmacists to be familiar with the supporting evidence, safety considerations, and logistical challenges of utilizing these treatments during arrest.

Ultrasound-Guided Stellate Ganglion Block Combined with Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Postherpetic Neuralgia

Objectives. To evaluate the effect of ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block combined with extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on postherpetic neuralgia. Methods. Thirty-six patients with craniofacial postherpetic neuralgia, whose skin lesions were healed and natural course more than 1 month, were selected for the study and then randomly divided into 3 groups: the ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block group (group A, n = 12), the extracorporeal shock wave therapy group (group B, n = 12), and the combined treatment group (group C, n = 12). Each group received basic drug treatment. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Pain Disability Index (PDI) were used to evaluate the clinical effects of the 3 groups of patients before treatment, after twice treatments, after treatment for four times, and after treatment for six times. Results. The VAS and PDI were significantly declined in each group after the treatment ( P < 0.05 ), and the declination in group C was more obvious than the other two groups ( P < 0.05 ). After treatment for six times, the VAS score of group A, group B, and group C was 3.1 ± 1.2, 3.3 ± 1.3, and 1.9 ± 0.7, respectively. After treatment for six times, the PDI of group A, group B, and group C was 11.7 ± 8.4, 12.3 ± 7.8, and 4.6 ± 3.2, respectively. Three patients developed skin bruising and slight swelling, which were relieved by themselves. Conclusions. Ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block combined with shock wave therapy could significantly improve the pain symptoms of patients with postherpetic neuralgia, which is a safe and effective treatment for postherpetic neuralgia.

Sphenopalatine ganglion block for ipsilateral shoulder pain following open pancreaticoduodenectomy

A 59-year-old woman underwent an open pancreaticoduodenectomy. Thoracic patient controlled-epidural anaesthesia provided excellent incisional pain relief; however, the patient experienced intractable left shoulder pain (10/10 on the Numerical Rating Scale). To our knowledge, there is no effective established treatment for patients experiencing shoulder pain after an open pancreaticoduodenectomy. The patient’s shoulder pain did not respond to medical management with acetaminophen, ketorolac, lidocaine transdermal patch, oxycodone and hydromorphone. Then, on postoperative day 2, the acute pain service was consulted. Considering that the sphenopalatine ganglion block has been previously reported to be helpful in a number of painful conditions, including shoulder tip pain after thoracic surgery, we offered this treatment to the patient. After just one topical sphenopalatine ganglion block, using a cotton-tipped applicator, the patient’s shoulder pain entirely resolved and did not return. This is the first report of a successful treatment of intractable ipsilateral shoulder pain following an open pancreaticoduodenectomy with transnasal sphenopalatine ganglion block.

Real-Time Ultrasound-Guided Stellate Ganglion Block for Migraine: An Observational Study

Objective. To observe whether ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block (SGB) can effectively relieve migraine pain and improve the quality of migraine patients’ life.Methods. 81 patients with migraines were enrolled in this trial. The patients received SGB with 6 ml of 0.15% ropivacaine once every week for four times. Migraine was assessed with the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) at baseline and three-months follow-up (Tm). The numerical rating scale (NRS) score at baseline, one day after treatment (Td) and Tm, the frequency of analgesic use in 3 months and the side effects were also recorded at the same time.Results. The NRS score of migraine subjects decreased significantly from 7.0 (2.0) to 3.0 (1.0) at Td and 2.0 (2.0) at Tm (vs baseline, P<0.01). The MIDAS total scores were 14.0 (10.5) at baseline and 7.0 (4.5) at Tm (P<0.001). During the three months, the frequency of analgesic consumption was decreased from 6.2 ± 2.8 to 1.9±1.8. There were no serious side effects. Conclusions. This study confirmed that ultrasound-guided SGB is an effective method to treat migraines. This technique can reduce pain and disability and then improve the quality of life of patients with migraines.