Economic Policy and Latin American Culture: Is a Virtuous Circle Possible?

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID E. HOJMAN
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Latin American Culture

Economic development is positively related to the presence of favourable cultural attitudes (‘progressive values’): the radius of trust, the ethical system, the nature of the exercise of authority, and attitudes to work, savings, and innovation. This article explores the possibility of a virtuous circle linking economic policies and Latin American cultural attitudes, mostly using examples from Chile since the mid 1980s. The link from culture to development emerges from education, economic awareness and professional economics, and the traditional culture and spontaneous cultural change. The link from economic policy to culture is represented by developments in macroeconomics and the financial sector, industrial protection and free trade, and female participation in the labour market. The role of poverty and inequality, and the effectiveness of exhortation versus incentives, and of concentrating the effort on several specific groups, are also examined.

Unis and Bna: the rôle of ‘Traditionalist’ parties in Niger, 1948–60

1975 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finn Fuglestad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Party Leaders

The institutional framework imposed upon Niger in 1946, tended to function according to traditional political concepts, norms, notions and values. Hence the distinction established in this paper between ‘traditionalist’ (UNIS/BNA) and ‘modern’ political parties, refers to the degree of reliance upon this traditional culture and also to the degree to which party-leaders were able to manipulate the norms, notions, etc., of the traditional political systems, in order to gain influence within the new institutional framework. The French Administration, functioning largely as an indigenous chieftaincy, was to a certain extent forced to interfere in politics, since an electoral victory for a ‘modern’ political party (i.e. the évolués) would have to be interpreted—according to the logic of traditional political theory—as a loss of the ‘force’, ‘power’ or ‘luck’, without which the French could no longer be regarded as the legitimate rulers of Niger.If the French finally decided to collaborate with the évolués (and in the process disentangled themselves from the ‘chieftaincy-model’), it was because the évolués constituted the only group capable of grasping the intricate problems of economic development and of running a modern state.

Government and Development: Managerial Attitudes in Latin America

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Lauterbach
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Trade Associations ◽  
Private Initiative ◽  
Extensive Information

This paper is concerned with the attitudes of Latin American enterprise managers toward the role of government, as compared with that of private initiative and investment, in the economic development of the nation. Most of its data was obtained in the course of a broader investigation of managerial attitudes toward economic development, which was carried out in ten countries during the years 1959 to 1963. In addition to interviews, extensive information was obtained from informal conversations with businessmen, attendance at meetings of managerial groups, and the study of materials prepared by trade associations or individual companies.

scholarly journals Views of Ivan Vernadsky on the role of foreign trade policy in economic development

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (54) ◽  
pp. 182-198
Author(s):  
Tetiana Bodnarchuk ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
Modern Economic

Nowadays, the process of making effective economic decisions requires reference to the history of Ukrainian economic thought. The study of intellectual heritage and innovative ideas of prominent Ukrainian economists, among whom Ivan Vernadsky occupies an important place, will enrich the understanding of the mechanisms and ways of modern economic transformation. The purpose of the article is to analyze and generalize Ivan Vernadsky’s conceptual views on the role of foreign trade policy in economic development. The theoretical basis of this study is conceptual approaches to understanding the nature of foreign trade policy, in particular, protectionism and free trade. Systematic, comparative-historical, institutional-evolutionary, and historical-genetic analyses were used as the research methodology. The author considers Ivan Vernadsky’s conceptual approach to foreign trade as a basis for providing the country's economic leadership in the international area. The economist’s ideas on the advantages of liberal foreign trade policy, free trade, and its mutual benefits for countries are revealed. Ivan Vernadsky was a staunch opponent of restrictive foreign trade policy, which creates obstacles to the country's competitive advantages and economic progress. Attention was paid to Ivan Vernadsky's criticism of customs protectionism. According to the scientist's point of view, protectionism leads to monopolization, price rises, technical and technological backwardness of production, destabilization of foreign trade relations, etc. At the same time, one of the scientist’s merits is the formation of an innovative approach to the interpretation of protectionism as a general economic doctrine and a realistic economic policy. Ivan Vernadsky’s vision of the basics of efficient management is generalized. He creates an original theory of economic development, which can be used for selection of effective mechanisms of modern economic policy.

Problems in the Russian Economy Sectors' Development

2004 ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
T. Eryomina ◽  
V. Matyatina ◽  
Yu. Plushchevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
General Government ◽  
Changing Role

The article focuses on the development of major sectors of the Russian economy — non-financial corporations, households, general government sector — after the 1998 financial crisis. Serious problems in functioning of the non-financial enterprises sector limiting the economic growth potential are revealed. Disbalances in financial flows among major sectors of the Russian economy are pointed out. The analysis of the changing role of the general government sector in the economy in 1999-2003 is provided. The conclusion on the necessity of changing the state economic policies to promote economic development is drawn.

Estimation of Impact of Crime the Development on the Human Potential (the Case of Russia’s Regions)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1622
Author(s):  
David DABIEV
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
High Level ◽  
Regions Of Russia

On the basis of the modified HDI index proposed by the author, the influence of crime rate on the development of human capital in the regions of Russia is estimated. It is shown that the high level of socio-economic development in Russia's regions does not always positively affect the reduction of crime rates, since the high or low crime rate in Russia's regions may be associated with other factors: historical, cultural, etc. We believe that for each region it is necessary to develop its own socio-economic policy aimed at creating conditions for the development of basic socio-cultural attitudes for the harmonious development of society.

Taking responsibility for entrepreneurship development in South Africa: The role of local municipalities

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-268
Author(s):  
Thanyani S Madzivhandila ◽  
Mazanai Musara
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
National Development ◽  
Academic Journal ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
Local Municipalities ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Entrepreneurial Development

Local economic development policies around the world increasingly emphasise entrepreneurship as a tool to mobilise local and indigenous economic potential. This paper explores the role of local municipalities in entrepreneurship development in South Africa. In particular, it provides a critical review of local economic development strategies and their effect on entrepreneurial development. Special attention is placed on deeply rural municipalities, primarily because of their marginalisation from national development efforts and the acute need for entrepreneurial development to tackle the triple challenges, which are unemployment, poverty and inequality. The paper argues that local municipalities should play a pivotal role in enhancing the development and upliftment of entrepreneurs in their areas of jurisdiction. The paper uses an integrative literature review method in which sources such as academic journal articles, reports and books are analysed, critiqued and synthesised. Lessons are drawn from other developed and developing nations, combined with the observations and thorough review of literature, to develop a framework that can inform South African Local Municipalities in mobilising entrepreneurship development in their communities. The paper concludes that for entrepreneurship development to be strengthened and for local economic development to be accomplished, local municipalities should invest in the development of entrepreneurship within their municipalities.

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