Canonical models for pulsars predict the emission of low–frequency waves of large amplitudes, produced by the rotation of a neutron star possessing a strong surface magnetic field. Pacini (1968) proposed this as the basic drain which yields to the pulsar slowing–down rate. The main relevance of the large amplitude wave (LAW) is the energetic link it provides between the pulsar and the surrounding medium. This role has been differently emphasized (Rees and Gunn, 1974; Ferrari, 1974), referring to absorption effects by relativistic particle acceleration and thermal heating, either close to the pulsar magnetosphere or in the nebula. It has been analyzed in the special case of the Crab Nebula, where observations are especially rich (Rees, 1971). As the Crab Nebula displays a cavity around the pulsar of dimension ∼1017cm, the function of the wave in sweeping dense gas away from the circumpulsar region is widely accepted. Absorption probably occurs at the inner edges of the nebula; i.e., where the wave pressure and the nebular pressure come into balance. Ferrari (1974) interpreted the wisps of the Crab Nebula as the region where plasma absorption occurs, damping the large amplitude wave and driving “parametric” plasma turbulence, thus trasferring energy to optical radiation powering the nebula. The mechanism has been extended to interpret the specific features of the “wisps” emission (Benford et al., 1978). Possibly the wave fills the nebula completely, permeating the space outside filaments with electromagnetic energy, continuously accelerating electrons for the extended radio and optical emission (Rees, 1971).
Particle acceleration by a large-amplitude wave associated with an ion beam in a magnetized plasma