Influence of intrauterine growth restriction and gender on body composition and metabolism throughout the life-course

Low birthweight is a risk factor for later adverse health. Here the impact of placentally mediated prenatal growth restriction followed by postnatal nutrient abundance on growth, glucose metabolism and body composition was assessed in both sexes at key stages from birth to mid-adult life. Singleton-bearing adolescent dams were fed control or high nutrient intakes to induce normal or growth-restricted pregnancies respectively. Restricted lambs had ~40% reduced birthweight. Fractional growth rates were higher in restricted lambs of both sexes predominantly during suckling/juvenile phases. Thereafter, rates and patterns of growth differed by sex. Absolute catch-up was not achieved and restricted offspring had modestly reduced weight and stature at mid-adulthood necropsy (~109 weeks). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry revealed lower bone mineral density in restricted vs normal lambs at 11, 41, 64 and 107 weeks, with males > females from 41 weeks onwards. Body fat percentage was higher in females vs males throughout, in restricted vs normal lambs at weaning (both sexes) and in restricted vs normal females at mid-adulthood. Insulin secretion after glucose challenge was greater in restricted vs normal of both sexes at 7 weeks and in restricted males at 32 weeks. In both sexes, fasting glucose concentrations were greater in restricted offspring across the life course, while glucose area under the curve after challenge was higher in restricted offspring at 32, 60, 85 and 106 weeks, indicative of persistent glucose intolerance. Therefore, prenatal growth restriction has negative consequences for body composition and metabolism throughout the life course with the effects modulated by sex differences in postnatal growth rates, fat deposition and bone mass accrual.

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Intrauterine growth restriction and fetal body composition

Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1002/uog.1980 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 258-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

G. Larciprete ◽

H. Valensise ◽

G. Di Pierro ◽

B. Vasapollo ◽

B. Casalino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Intrauterine Growth

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P10.19: Intrauterine growth restriction and fetal body composition

Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1002/uog.2483 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 443-444

Author(s):

G. Di Pierro ◽

G. Larciprete ◽

B. Vasapollo ◽

G. Novelli ◽

B. Casalino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Intrauterine Growth

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Disorders of Sex Development: Management of Gender Assignment in a Preterm Infant with Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Case Reports in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/587484 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lucy D. Mastrandrea ◽

Christine H. Albini ◽

Ralph J. Wynn ◽

Saul P. Greenfield ◽

Luther K. Robinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preterm Infant ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Disorders Of Sex Development ◽

Definitive Diagnosis ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Gender Assignment ◽

Disorder Of Sex Development ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Sex Development ◽

And Gender

We describe how a gender specialist team managed the case of a disorder of sex development in a preterm infant where definitive diagnosis and gender assignment were delayed due to complications of prematurity, anemia, and severe intrauterine growth restriction.

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Postnatal Anthropometric and Body Composition Profiles in Infants with Intrauterine Growth Restriction Identified by Prenatal Doppler

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0150152 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. e0150152 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. Mazarico ◽

R. Martinez-Cumplido ◽

M. Díaz ◽

G. Sebastiani ◽

L. Ibáñez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Composition Profiles

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Deficits in growth, muscle mass, and body composition following placental insufficiency-induced intrauterine growth restriction persisted in lambs at 60 d of age but were improved by daily clenbuterol supplementation

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txaa097 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S53-S57

Author(s):

Rachel L Gibbs ◽

Rebecca M Swanson ◽

Joslyn K Beard ◽

Ty B Schmidt ◽

Jessica L Petersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Placental Insufficiency ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Intrauterine Growth

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Nutritional and Hormonal Status of Premature Infants Born with Intrauterine Growth Restriction at the Term Corrected Age

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences ◽

10.15690/vramn730 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. A. Belyaeva ◽

L. S. Namazova-Baranova ◽

E. P. Bombardirova ◽

M. V. Okuneva

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Hormonal Status ◽

High Concentration ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

C Peptide ◽

Intrauterine Growth

Background: Inadequate nutrition supply during the period of intrauterine growth and the first year of life leads to persistent metabolic changes and provokes development of various diseases. Aims: Тo compare physical development, body composition, and hormonal status (insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), somatotropic hormone (STH), C-Peptide, cortisol) indices in premature infants born with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) at the term corrected age with the same indices in mature infants with IUGR and premature infants with weight appropriate for their gestational age (GA). Materials and methods: А crossover study of anthropometric measures, body composition and growth hormones changes assessment was carried out. It included 140 premature infants with weight appropriate for their GA, 58 premature infants with IUGR and 64 mature infants with IUGR. Anthropometric measures were assessed with Fenton and Anthro growth charts (WHO, 2009); body composition was studied with the air plethysmography method (РЕA POD, LMi, USA). Level of hormones in blood serum was assessed with biochemical methods. Results: It is found that anthropometric measures in premature infants with weight appropriate for their GA and premature infants with IUGR at the term corrected age did not have any significant differences while premature infants with IUGR tended to have lower weight. Studying body composition we found that both groups of premature infants had slightly higher level of fat mass in comparison with mature infants. High concentration of insulin, cortisol, IGF-1, and C-peptide was found in premature and mature infants with IUGR. Instead, lower levels of STH was found in infants with IUGR. Formula fed premature infants (comparing to breastfed ones) had higher levels of fat mass, insulin, IGF-1, and C-peptide. Mature infants with IUGR did not tend to have the correlation between levels of fat mass, insulin, IGF-1, C-peptide, and type of feeding. Conclusions: Not only insufficient intrauterine growth but also nutrition pattern plays important role in development of body composition disbalance and hormonal shifts in premature infants.

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