Immune expulsion of Trichuris muris from mice during a primary infection: analysis of the components involved

Immune serum accelerated the expulsion of Trichuris muris when transferred into normal mice on days 0 and 3 after infection, but had no effect when the recipient mice had been immunosuppressed by sublethal irradiation or by cortisone treatment. Delaying serum transfer until days 7 and 8 in normal mice failed to accelerate expulsion, although immune mesenteric lymph node cells (MLNC) accelerated expulsion whether transferred early or late in infection.Expulsion from NIH mice, normally complete by 12 days, was prevented by sublethal irradiation given as late as 9 days after infection, but could be restored by subsequent transfer of immune MLNC or, to a lesser degree, non-immune MLNC. Immune MLNC were unable to restore worm expulsion in mice irradiated before infection.These results are interpreted as showing that the immune expulsion of T. muris from mice during a primary infection requires the sequential activities of antibody-mediated and lymphoid cell-mediated components.

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Specific cross-immunity between Trichinella spiralis and Trichuris muris: immunization with heterologous infections and antigens and transfer of immunity with heterologous immune mesenteric lymph node cells

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000044929 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 381-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

T. D. G. Lee ◽

R. K. Grencis ◽

D. Wakelin

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Node ◽

Primary Infection ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

The Other ◽

Trichuris Muris ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Heterologous Challenge ◽

Lymph Node Cells ◽

Cross Immunity

SUMMARYInfections with either 300 infective Trichinella spiralis larvae or 400 embryonated eggs of Trichuris muris were effective in eliciting accelerated expulsion of heterologous challenge infections given 20 days after the primary infection. Accelerated expulsion could also be achieved by the administration of soluble crude worm antigen given 12 days prior to heterologous challenge or by adoptive transfer of mesenteric lymph node cells taken from mice infected with the heterologous parasite. Each species is capable of eliciting an accelerated secondary expulsion response in hosts that have been actively or adoptively immunized against the other species and these results are taken to indicate that there is a specific cross-immunity between T. spiralis and T. muris due to shared antigens. It is postulated that these shared antigens are derived from stichocyte granules.

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Accelerated expulsion of adult Trichinella spiralis in mice given lymphoid cells and serum from infected donors

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000049507 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 307-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

D. Wakelin ◽

M. Lloyd

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Node ◽

Adult Stage ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Significant Degree ◽

Lymphoid Cells ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Lymph Node Cells ◽

Worm Expulsion

SummaryImmunity to the adult stage of Trichinella spiralis, assessed by an acceleration of worm expulsion, was transferred to recipient mice with mesenteric lymph node cells (MLNC) or serum taken from infected donors. Immunity was transferred most effectively by MLNC taken from donors infected for 8 days, i.e. donors actively responding to infection. Transfer of both MLNC and serum brought about a marked acceleration of worm expulsion in all cases, even where MLNC or serum given separately failed to transfer a significant degree of immunity.

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Transfer of immunity toTrichinella spiralisin the mouse with mesenteric lymph node cells: time of appearance of effective cells in donors and expression of immunity in recipients

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000047843 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 215-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

D. Wakelin ◽

Margaret M. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Node ◽

Time Course ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Defence Mechanism ◽

Spleen Cells ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Lymph Node Cells ◽

Worm Expulsion

Cells capable of transferring immunity toTrichinella spiralis, i.e. of accelerating adult worm expulsion, were present in the mesenteric lymph nodes of mice infected for 4, 6 or 8 days, but not in mice infected for only 2 days. The time-course of worm expulsion in mice infected on the day of transfer was similar in recipients of day 8 cells, expulsion becoming marked only when the recipients had been infected for at least 6 days. Transfer of cells 4 or 6 days after infection did not result in an accelerated worm expulsion; transfer 1 or 2 weeks before infection did not enhance the level of immunity in recipient mice. In contrast to the results obtained with mesenteric lymph node cells (MLNC) no immunity was trsnsferred when recipients were given spleen cells taken from donors infected for 8 days. It is suggested that MLNC do not cause worm expulsion directly, but cooperate with another component of the host's defence mechanism. Accelerated expulsion in recipients of cells was accompanied by a premature decline in fecundity of female worms. Evidence is presented to show that worm expulsion and impaired reproduction may represent independent aspects of the immune response toT. spiralis.

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Cytokine-mediated regulation of chronic intestinal helminth infection.

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.179.1.347 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 179 (1) ◽

pp. 347-351 ◽

Cited By ~ 273

Author(s):

K J Else ◽

F D Finkelman ◽

C R Maliszewski ◽

R K Grencis

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Node ◽

Helminth Infection ◽

Cell Subset ◽

Trichuris Muris ◽

Ifn Gamma ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Worm Expulsion

Most inbred strains of mouse infected with the intestinal nematode Trichuris muris are resistant to infection expelling the parasite before adult worms establish. However, a few susceptible strains exist that are incapable of worm expulsion and harbor chronic infections of mature adult worms. Analyses of in vitro cytokine production by cells from the draining lymph node (mesenteric lymph node) have indicated that expulsion phenotype is tightly correlated with the selective expansion of helper T cells (Th) of the Th1 or Th2 cell subset within the mesenteric lymph node, resulting in susceptibility and resistance to T. muris, respectively. We have now confirmed and extended our in vitro observations in a series of experiments involving the in vivo manipulation of host cytokine levels. Depletion of interferon (IFN)-gamma in normally susceptible mice resulted in expulsion of the parasite, representing the first evidence for a role for IFN-gamma in the establishment of chronic helminth infection. Blocking interleukin (IL)-4 function in normally resistant animals prevented the generation of a protective immune response allowing adult stages of the parasite to develop. Conversely the administration of IL-4 to a normally susceptible host facilitated expulsion and indeed enabled established adult worms to be expelled when administered late in infection. In all cases assessment of a variety of in vivo parameters indicative of a Th1- or Th2-type response (parasite-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G2a and the parasite-specific IgG1, total IgE levels and intestinal mastocytosis, respectively) demonstrated that the in vivo modulation of a Th1- or Th2-specific cytokine allowed the reciprocal Th cell subset to expand and become dominant with dramatic consequences for worm expulsion.

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Different cytokine profiles in mesenteric lymph node cells from HLA-B27 transgenic versus wild type rats stimulated with cecal bacterial antigen

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(01)82562-2 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 120 (5) ◽

pp. A516-A516

Author(s):

F HOENTJEN ◽

S TONKONOGY ◽

D SPRENGERS ◽

M GOERRES ◽

R SARTOR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Node ◽

Bacterial Antigen ◽

Hla B27 ◽

Wild Type ◽

Cytokine Profiles ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Lymph Node Cells

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Evidence for the involvement of a bone marrow-derived cell population in the immune expulsion ofTrichinella spiralis

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000047855 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 225-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

D. Wakelin ◽

Margaret M. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Cell Population ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Node ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Lymph Node Cells

When mice were irradiated immediately before infection withTrichinella spiralisthere was a profound and long-lasting interference with their ability to expel adult worms from the intestine. Irradiation given after the fifth day of infection was progressively less effective in this respect. The ability to expel worms was not restored when mesenteric lymph node cells (MLNC) were transferred (a) on the day of infection in mice irradiated one day previously, or (b) on day 7 of an infection in mice irradiated on day 6, even though the MLNC transferred immunity to intact recipients. Transfer of bone marrow (BM) alone was also without effect. However, worm explusion was restored if, following irradiation and injection of BM, 10 days were allowed for BM differentiation before transfer of MLNC. This restoration was effective even after lethal levels of irradiation and was clearly dependent upon a donor-derived BM component cooperating with, or responding to, the activity of the transferred MLNC. The possibility that the BM component is non-lymphoid in nature is discussed.

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