Cognitive memory control in borderline personality disorder patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 845-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sala ◽  
E. Caverzasi ◽  
E. Marraffini ◽  
G. De Vidovich ◽  
M. Lazzaretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Expected Improvement ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Probe Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Memory Control ◽  
Cognitive Memory

BackgroundIt has been demonstrated that the mechanism of cognitive memory control in humans is sustained by the hippocampus and prefrontal cortices, which have been found to be structurally and functionally abnormal in borderline personality disorder (BPD). We investigated whether the memory control mechanism is affected in BPD.MethodNineteen Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV BPD patients and 19 matched healthy controls (HC) performed a specific think/no-think paradigm exploring the capacity of remembering and suppressing pair of words previously learned. After the think–no think phase, the second member of each word pair has to be remembered either when subjects are presented with the cue word showed at the beginning of the test (Same Probe Test; SPT) or when they are presented with an extra-list categorical word (Independent Probe Test; IPT). We evaluated the effect of suppression and of retrieval activity on later retention of words.ResultsBoth on the SPT and on the IPT, HC showed the expected improvement of memory retrieval on to-be-remembered words, unlike BPD patients. On the SPT, HC, but not BPD patients, correctly recalled significantly more words among remembered words (RW) than among suppressed words (SW). Similarly to HC, subjects with BPD without a history of childhood abuse showed a significantly higher percentage of correctly recalled words among RW than among SW.ConclusionsThe mechanism of active retrieval of memories and of improvement through repetition is impaired in BPD, particularly in those who experienced traumatic experiences. This impairment might play an important role, possibly resulting in the emergence of unwanted memories and dissociative symptoms.

Genetic, Developmental and Personality Correlates of Self-Mutilation in Depressed Patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Joyce ◽  
Janice M. McKenzie ◽  
Roger T. Mulder ◽  
Suzanne E. Luty ◽  
Patrick F. Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Self Mutilation ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
History Of

Objective: To examine whether the T allele of G protein β3 (GNβ3) is associated with self-mutilation in depressed patients. Method: A history of self-mutilation was systematically inquired about when recruiting depressed patients for a long-term treatment trial. Risk factors such as borderline personality disorder and childhood abuse experiences were systematically assessed, and patients were genotyped for polymorphisms of GNβ 3. Results: The T allele of GNβ 3, borderline personality disorder and childhood sexual abuse were all significantly associated with self-mutilation in depressed patients. These associations were significant in both univariate andmultivariate analyses, and as predicted were stronger in young depressed patients than in depressed patients of all ages. Conclusions: If the association between the T allele of GNβ 3and self-mutilation can be replicated, this may provide clues to understanding the neurobiology of self-mutilation.

Factors associated with borderline personality disorder in major depressive patients and their relationship to bipolarity

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 463-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Azorin ◽  
A. Kaladjian ◽  
M. Adida ◽  
E. Fakra ◽  
R. Belzeaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depressive Patients

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the interface between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and bipolarity in depressed patients comorbid with BPD.MethodsAs part of National Multi-site Study of 493 consecutive DSM-IV major depressive patients evaluated in at least two semi-structured interviews 1 month apart, 19 (3.9%) had comorbid BPD (BPD+), whereas 474 (96.1%) did not manifest this comorbidity (BPD−).ResultsCompared to BPD (−), BPD (+) patients displayed higher rates of bipolar (BP) disorders and temperaments, an earlier age at onset with a family history of affective illness, more comorbidity, more stressors before the first episode which was more often depressive or mixed, as well as a greater number and severity of affective episodes.ConclusionsThe hypothesis which fitted at best our findings was to consider BPD as a contributory factor in the development of BP disorder, which could have favoured the progression from unipolar major depression to BP disorder. We could not however exclude that some features of BP disorder may have contributed to the development of BPD.

Comorbid Bipolar Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder and History of Suicide Attempts

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Zimmerman ◽  
Jennifer Martinez ◽  
Diane Young ◽  
Iwona Chelminski ◽  
Theresa A. Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
History Of

Neurocognitive deficits in decision-making and planning of patients with DSM-III-R borderline personality disorder

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1395-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. BAZANIS ◽  
R. D. ROGERS ◽  
J. H. DOWSON ◽  
P. TAYLOR ◽  
C. MEUX ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Visual Recognition Memory ◽  
History Of

Background. Repeated, self-damaging behaviour occurring in the context of borderline personality disorder (BPD) may reflect impairments in decision-making and planning cognition. However, there has been no systematic neuropsychological examination of these particular cognitive functions in patients diagnosed with BPD. Such investigations may improve our understanding of the possible role of brain dysfunction in BPD and improve the characterization of the psychological difficulties associated with this disorder.Method. Forty-two psychiatric patients with a diagnosis of DSM-III-R BPD (41 of whom gave a history of self-harm), without a history of specified ‘psychoses’ or current major affective disorder, were clinically assessed before completing computerized tasks of decision-making and planning previously shown to be sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction, and tests of spatial and pattern visual recognition memory previously shown to be sensitive to frontal lobe damage and temporal lobe damage respectively. The performance of the BPD patient group was compared with that of a non-clinical control group consisting of 42 subjects.Results. The performance of the BPD patients on the decision-making task was characterized by a pattern of delayed and maladaptive choices when choosing between competing actions, and by impulsive, disinhibited responding when gambling on the outcome of their decisions. BPD patients also showed impairments on the planning task. There was no evidence of impaired visual recognition memory. Additional analyses suggested only limited effects of current medication and history of previous substance use disorder.Conclusions. These findings suggest that BPD is associated with complex impairments in dissociable cognitive processes mediated by circuitry encompassing the frontal lobes. These impairments may mediate some of the behavioural changes evident in BPD. Further work is needed to examine the specificity of these findings.

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