The relationship between smooth pursuit performance, motion perception and sustained visual attention in patients with schizophrenia and normal controls

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. STUVE ◽  
L. FRIEDMAN ◽  
J. A. JESBERGER ◽  
G. C. GILMORE ◽  
M. E. STRAUSS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Perception ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Perception Threshold ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Pursuit Gain

Background. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that low smooth pursuit gain in schizophrenia is related to an abnormality in motion perception.Methods. The subjects were 19 schizophrenics treated with clozapine and 19 controls. In addition to smooth pursuit and motion perception paradigms, sustained attention was also assessed using a continuous performance task (CPT).Results. In the patient group, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between smooth pursuit gain and motion perception threshold (r =−0·60, P<0·01). This relationship was not secondary to attention deficits as assessed by the CPT.Conclusions. Our results are consistent with the notion that the smooth pursuit gain deficit is related to a deficit in motion perception rather than in attention. Brain area V5 (also referred to as ‘MT’ in macaque), located in the parieto-occipital region, is known to be critically important both for motion perception and gain. Thus, our results point to an abnormality in this area in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals A quantitative interaction between signal detection in attention and reward/aversion behavior

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Viswanathan ◽  
Byoung Woo Kim ◽  
John P Sheppard ◽  
Hao Ying ◽  
Kalyan Raman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Preference Theory ◽  
Relative Preference ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines how processes such as reward/aversion and attention, which are often studied as independent processes, in fact interact at a systems level. We operationalize attention with a continuous performance task and variables from signal detection theory, and reward/aversion with a keypress task using variables from relative preference theory. We find that while the relationship between reward/aversion and attention is functionally invariant, a power law formulation akin to the Cobb-Douglas production function in economics provides the best model fit and theoretical explanation for the interaction. These results indicate that a decreasing signal-to-noise with signal detection results in higher loss aversion. Furthermore, the estimated exponents for the multiplicative power law suggest capacity constraints to processing for attention and reward/aversion. These results demonstrate a systemic interaction of attention and reward/aversion across subjects, with a quantitative schema raising the hypothesis that mechanistic inference may be possible at the level of behavior alone.

The Relationship between Mindful Awareness and Cognitive Performance among U.S. Military Service Members and Veterans

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 843-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie J. B. Rice ◽  
Fort Sam Houston ◽  
Paul J. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
Attention Tasks ◽  
Military Service Members ◽  
The Relationship

Mindfulness training has been shown to reduce stress and improve performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mindfulness and cognition in U.S. military service members and veterans (n = 236). Volunteers completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and two attention and memory measures: the running memory continuous performance task (CPT) and the standard continuous performance task (SCP). MAAS scores were negatively correlated with mean RT on both the CPT and SCP (r’s = -.14 and -.18, respectively, p < .05). FFMQ scores were positively correlated with correct responses (r = .15) and throughput scores (r = .14) on the CPT and negatively correlated with mean RT on the SCP (r’s = -.15, p < .05). Greater mindfulness was associated with better performance on two sustained attention tasks, suggesting mindfulness is linked with improved management of continuous information, without distraction or impulsive reaction.

scholarly journals Association between Plasma Leptin and Estrogen in Female Patients of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Xing ◽  
Jianghong Liu ◽  
Jingdong Xu ◽  
Linlin Yin ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Normal Controls

Increasing evidences suggested the association between leptin and cognitive functions. Estrogen is an important factor that regulates the production and metabolism of leptin. However, little is known about the relationship between leptin and estrogen in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Plasma levels of leptin, total estradiol, andβ-amyloid protein (Aβ) were measured in a total of 23 female amnestic MCI (aMCI) patients and 19 female cognitively normal controls. This study showed that female aMCI patients had lower plasma levels of leptin and higher levels of estradiol compared to female normal controls. Leptin and estradiol levels were not correlated with cognitive performances or plasma Aβlevels in either aMCI patients or normal controls. There was a significant negative correlation between leptin and estrogen in female aMCI patients (r=-0.633,p=0.002) but not in female normal controls. The potential mechanisms of this disease-stage-specific association between leptin and estrogen need further investigations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document