Translocation of Herbicides in Detached Bean Leaves

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Leonard ◽  
R. K. Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Prior Treatment ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Transport Studies ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Upward Transport ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Bean Leaves

Labeled 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4, 5-T), 2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (dicamba), 4-amino-3, 5, 6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), 1,2-dihydropyridazine-3,6-dione (MH), assimilates, and phosphoric acid were absorbed and transported basipetally from the lamina into the petioles of detached bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Upward transport in the lamina was slight, except when the petioles were in water. In contrast, labeled 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (diuron) was not transported basipetally, but some acropetal transport did occur. Vein-loading and transport of labeled assimilates, 2,4-D, dicamba, MH, and phosphate were greatly reduced by a prior treatment with 7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (endothall). Detached leaves hold promise for use in absorption and transport studies.

EXPERIMENTS ON THE RELATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF WEEDS TO AUXIN HERBICIDES

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1401-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Functional Importance ◽  
Molecular Configuration ◽  
Auxin Herbicides ◽  
Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Sections of stems of Silene cucubalus, Galeopsis tetrahit, and Phaseolus vulgaris were cultured under sterile conditions in media containing inorganic salts, sucrose, agar, and the herbicides 2-methyl, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, or 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid. The herbicide which gave the most effective control of a species under field conditions was also the most active in inducing root formation and proliferation on stem sections of that species. The response of the sections to these auxin herbicides diminished as the plants from which the sections were taken became more mature. The amount of herbicide recovered from treated shoots of these species was not correlated with susceptibility. It is postulated that susceptibility to these materials depends upon (i) the affinity of the species for the molecular configuration of the herbicide and (ii) the relative amount and functional importance of the susceptible tissues at the time of treatment.

Metabolic Fate of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in the Stem Tissue of Phaseolus vulgaris

Nature ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 204 (4961) ◽  
pp. 884-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. THOMAS ◽  
B. C. LOUGHMAN ◽  
R. G. POWELL
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Fate ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

An investigation of photosynthetic sucrose production in bean leaves

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1457-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Fry ◽  
R. G. S. Bidwell
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glyceric Acid ◽  
Cytoplasmic Fraction ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Phosphoglyceric Acid ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Chloroplast Fraction ◽  
Bean Leaves

First trifoliate leaves of wax beans. Phaseolus vulgaris, were exposed to 14CO2 in light for periods of 15 to 75 s. Leaves were frozen in liquid N2 and a chloroplast fraction was isolated nonaqueously. The chloroplast fraction contained a small amount of contaminating cytoplasm that could not be removed. Labelled photosynthetic compounds were separated from the whole leaves and from the corresponding chloroplast fractions and their radioactivity was measured.The compounds fell into two groups in their behaviour. Glyceric acid and ribulose, derived from photosynthetic 3-phosphoglyceric acid and ribulose diphosphate respectively, remained largely or exclusively in the chloroplast fraction. Labelled sucrose and serine and glycine, on the other hand, were located in the chloroplast fraction only during the first 15–30 s of 14CO2 supply, and appeared in the cytoplasmic fraction in increasing amounts thereafter. The results suggest that serine and glycine are produced in organelles in the layer of cytoplasm that closely surrounds the chloroplasts and is isolated with them in the non aqueous technique. Sucrose may also be synthesized from photosynthetic intermediates in this layer of cytoplasm. Sucrose was not formed from intermediates of the glycolate pathway in detached leaves.

Inhibition of Lipid Synthesis by Certain Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay D. Mann ◽  
Minn Pu
Keyword(s):  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Malonic Acid ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Thirty herbicides were tested for possible effects upon the incorporation of radioactivity from malonic acid-2-14C into lipid by excised hypocotyls of hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Cory). Concentrations of 1 to 20 mg/L were used. Inhibition was caused by 3-nitro-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (dinoben), 2-chloro-N,N-diallylacetamide (CDAA), 2-chloroallyl diethyldithiocarbamate (CDEC), 7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (endothall), 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil), 3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (ioxynil), and pentachlorophenol (PCP). At 1 mg/L, stimulation was caused by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), and 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (amiben).

THE UPTAKE AND DISTRIBUTION OF 32P BY BEAN SEEDLINGS (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS) GROWING AT TWO PHOSPHATE LEVELS, AND SOME EFFECTS OF 2,4-D

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1011-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold M. Etter
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Fractions ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Free Solution ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

The uptake and subsequent distribution of 32P among the root, stem, and leaf tissues of bean seedlings growing in complete or phosphate-free nutrient and its incorporation into organic phosphorus fractions was studied. Plants growing in complete nutrient took up, retained, translocated, and incorporated less activity than those growing in phosphate-free solution. These results are discussed in relation to phosphate pools which appear to be present in bean seedlings. Fifty and 70 h after spraying with 5 p.p.m. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), no marked changes were observed in the uptake or distribution pattern of the 32P as compared to controls.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism in plants. II. Responses of nicotinamide nucleotides to chemical regulators in bean leaves

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Chen ◽  
H. R. Godavari ◽  
E. R. Waygood
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Cyclic Pattern ◽  
Nad Metabolism ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Bean Leaves

Incorporation of nicotinic acid-7-14C into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by the trifoliate leaves of the bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Brittle Wax) was studied for varying time periods from 5 min to 48 h. Nine radioactive compounds were isolated and identified as all the possible intermediates of NAD metabolism operating in a cyclic pattern. All the intermediates were labelled rapidly and N-methyl nicotinic acid (trigonelline) was detected within 5 min. About 80% of the nicotinic acid fed was accumulated in trigonelline. Senescence induced by floating detached leaves on water enhanced incorporation of the label into nucleotides, NAD > NADP. Treatment with growth regulators altered the NAD/NADP ratios. Benzimidazole and kinetin enhanced NADP synthesis while benzyladenine and ethionine reduced NADP synthesis. The regulator-mediated NADP synthesis is enhanced by light and appears to be inversely related to the synthesis of trigonelline.

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