Hexazinone and Other Herbicides on Texas Woody Plants

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Meyer ◽  
R. W. Bovey
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Gleditsia Triacanthos ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Post Oak ◽  
Ilex Vomitoria ◽  
Quercus Stellata ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Hexazinone [3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione] was applied to honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthosL.), honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell], huisache [Acacia farnesiana(L.) Willd.], live oak (Quercus virginianaMill.), Macartney rose (Rosa bracteataWendl.), post oak (Quercus stellataWangenh.), saw greenbrier (Smilax bona-noxL.), whitebrush (Aloysia lycioidesCham.), and yaupon (Ilex vomitoriaAit.). Bromacil (5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil) and tebuthiuron {N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N′-dimethylurea} were used for comparison in some experiments. Hexazinone was required at the following rates to kill at least 75% of the following species: 1.1 kg/ha for live oak, 2.2 kg/ha for post oak, 4.5 kg/ha for huisache (at Bryan, Texas) and whitebrush, and 9 kg/ha for honeylocust. Hexazinone was ineffective at 9 kg/ha for control of honey mesquite, huisache (at Washington, Texas), Macartney rose, saw greenbrier, and yaupon. Tebuthiuron at 1.1 kg/ha killed 80% of the live oak, and as a subsurface spray at 4.5 kg/ha, killed huisache (at Washington, Texas). Bromacil was effective on huisache at 9 kg/ha.

Control of Woody Plants with Herbicide Mixtures

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Meyer ◽  
R. W. Bovey
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Herbicide Mixtures ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell], huisache [Acacia farnesiana(L.) Willd.], Macartney rose (Rosa bracteataWendl.), live oak (Quercus virginianaMill.), and whitebrush (Aloysia lycioidesCham.) were sprayed with herbicides alone and in mixtures. Mixtures of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) + dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) at 0.56 + 0.56 and 1.12 + 1.12 kg/ha were most effective for killing honey mesquite in July. Picloram or picloram + dicamba were more effective for defoliating huisache than 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], dicamba, or other mixtures of herbicides. On Macartney rose picloram as the salt or ester was most effective, but some mixtures of picloram plus either 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] or 2,4,5-T were as effective as picloram alone. On live oak, the most effective treatments generally contained at least 1.12 kg/ha of picloram either alone or in mixtures with dicamba or 2,4,5-T. Picloram alone killed as many or more whitebrush plants than MCPA [[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy]acetic acid], dicamba, 2,4,5-T, 2,4-D, or mixtures.

Herbicide Combinations for Woody Plant Control

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Bovey ◽  
F. S. Davis ◽  
H. L. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Ilex Vomitoria ◽  
Plant Control ◽  
Honey Mesquite

We studied 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) alone and in combination with 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) or 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium salt (paraquat) for control of several greenhouse, nursery, and natural-grown, woody plant species. Picloram:paraquat combinations improved the control of some species such as yaupon (Ilex vomitoria Ait.) as compared to picloram alone at equal rates; but it had an antagonistic effect on huisache (Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.) and honey mesquite (Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. var. glandulosa (Torr.) Cockerell). Evaluation of picloram: 2,4,5-T combinations suggested that 2,4,5-T sometimes could be added in equal amounts to picloram to increase control or reduce picloram rates proportionately on huisache, honey mesquite and live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.).

Granular Herbicides for Woody Plant Control

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Bovey ◽  
H. L. Morton ◽  
J. R. Baur ◽  
J. D. Diaz-Colon ◽  
C. C. Dowler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Ilex Vomitoria ◽  
Plant Control

Granular 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) was effective in controlling live oak(Quercus virginiana(Mill.), huisache)(Acacia farnesiana(L.), Willd.), and yaupon(Ilex vomitoriaAit.), but not honey mesquite(Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell) in south Texas. Granular 5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil (bromacil) controlled live oak and huisache. Herbicides applied to soil were usually most effective in spring and fall during periods of active brush growth. Picloram granules applied in May to a mixed stand of woody plants in Puerto Rico usually were effective. However, rates up to 30 lb/A were ineffective on some species.

Seasonal Response of Woody Plants to Tebuthiuron Pellets

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney W. Bovey ◽  
Robert E. Meyer ◽  
L. Fred Bouse ◽  
James B. Carlton
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Post Oak ◽  
Ilex Vomitoria ◽  
Ulmus Alata ◽  
Vaccinium Arboreum

Pelleted tebuthiuron {N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N′-dimethylurea} was hand broadcast at 2.2 and 4.5 kg ai/ha every month for 2 yr on an area infested with live oak (Quercus virginianaMill. ♯4QUEVI), post oak (Q. stellataWangenh. ♯ QUESL), parsley hawthorn (Crataegus marshalliiEgglest. ♯ CSCMS), and yaupon (Ilex vomitoriaAit. ♯ ILEVO) on the Gulf Coast Prairie near Cordele, TX. Live oak, post oak, and parsley hawthorn trees were killed at most rates and dates of tebuthiuron application. Applications of 2.2 kg/ha of tebuthiuron killed 90% or more of the yaupon plants when it was applied in October and December 1975 and February, March, and June 1976 and less than 90% when applied at other dates. On another site, pelleted tebuthiuron was aerially applied at 2.2 and 4.5 kg/ha every 3 months during 1978 and 1979 in the Post Oak Savannah near Bryan, TX. At 2.2 kg/ha, tebuthiuron killed all post oak and 80% or more of the blackjack oak (Q. marilandicaMuechh.), yaupon, winged elm (Ulmus alataMichx. ♯ ULMAL), and mockernut hickory (Carya tomentosaNutt.) regardless of date treated. Tree huckleberry (Vaccinium arboreumMarsh.) killed by tebuthiuron when applied at 2.2 kg/ha ranged from 34% in July 1979 to 69% from application in February 1978. Application of 4.5 kg/ha of tebuthiuron killed 83% or more of the tree huckleberry when it was applied in January and April 1978 and January, April, July, and October 1979. Herbaceous plant cover usually increased by the second season.

Brush Response to Spacing and Individual-Plant Herbicide Treatments

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Ilex Vomitoria ◽  
Quercus Marilandica ◽  
Ulmus Alata ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Soil-applied herbicides were evaluated for control of blackjack oak (Quercus marilandicaMuenchh.), huisache [Acacia farnesiana(L.) Willd.], honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell], live oak (Quercus virginianaMill.), Macartney rose (Rosa bracteataWendl.), winged elm (Ulmus alataMichx.), and yaupon (Ilex vomitoriaAit.) in Texas. Various spacing of spot treatments of pelleted tebuthiuron {N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N′-dimethylurea} on huisache and live oak and picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) on Macartney rose up to a 2.7-m square grid did not change herbicide effectiveness. Pelleted tebuthiuron at 2.2 kg/ha reduced the canopy of live oak and killed a significant percentage of plants; however, differences among herbicide formulations and distance of placement in a grid were small. On unburned plots, 2.2 kg/ha of tebuthiuron applied as pellets at 2.7-m centers and as a broadcast wettable-powder treatment killed fewer yaupon than pellets applied in most broadcast treatments. In individual-plant treatments, bromacil (5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil) and picloram solutions at 2 g/plant killed 45% of the yaupon 1.5 to 2 m tall on a fine sandy loam, whereas 0.5 g/plant of either herbicide killed 70% or more of the yaupon plants 1 m tall on a loamy fine sand. Both bromacil and picloram at 1 g/plant killed all blackjack oak and winged elm sprouts 1 to 2 m tall. On a clay soil, 1 g of bromacil/plant killed 79% of the live oak and 88% of the winged elm plants, whereas picloram killed only 38 and 45%, respectively. Neither bromacil nor picloram was effective as soil treatments for killing honey mesquite.

Effect of Paraquat and 2,4,5-T on the Uptake and Transport of Picloram in Woody Plants

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Davis ◽  
R. W. Bovey ◽  
M. G. Merkle
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Inverse Effect ◽  
Ilex Vomitoria ◽  
Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Uptake And Transport ◽  
Honey Mesquite

We studied the uptake and transport of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) alone and in combination and in the presence of 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium salt (paraquat) by honey mesquite (Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell), huisache (Acacia farnesianaL. Willd., yaupon (Ilex vomitoriaAit.), and bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.). Paraquat reduced transport of picloram by mesquite, huisache, and bean. Paraquat increased uptake of picloram by yaupon but did not affect transport. The uptake and transport of 2,4,5-T by mesquite decreased in the presence of picloram, but the uptake and transport of picloram increased in the presence of 2,4,5-T. Increasing ratios of 2,4,5-T:picloram up to 16:1 continued to increased uptake and transport of picloram; the inverse effect occurred for 2,4,5-T when picloram:2,4,5-T ratios were increased.

Tebuthiuron Formulation and Placement Effects on Response of Woody Plants and Soil Residue

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Meyer ◽  
Rodney W. Bovey
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Prosopis Glandulosa ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Soil Residue ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Tebuthiuron {N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N′-dimethylurea} in various formulations and placements was applied to honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosaTorr. # PRCJG), huisache [Acacia farnesiana(L.) Willd. # ACAFA], live oak (Quercus virginianaMill.#QUEVI), Macartney rose (Rosa bracteataJ. C. Wendl. # ROSBC), and Texas whitebrush [Aloysia gratissima(Gillies & Hook.) Troncoso # ALYLY]. There was little difference in a species response to the various tebuthiuron formulations. Pellets (20%) at 2 g ai/tree base reduced the canopy 85% and killed 50% of the honey mesquite. At 1 g ai/plant, two briquettes at 0.5 g ai each or pellets (5.14 g, 20%) killed 37 and 80% of the huisache, respectively. Pellets were no more effective at 2 g than at 1 g ai on huisache. Basal treatments of 0.25, 0.5, 0.5, 1, and 2 g ai tebuthiuron/tree killed from 8 to 22, 48 to 62, 62 to 85, and 92% of the live oak, respectively. Pellets at 2 g ai placed at the base reduced the canopy 83% and killed 59% of the Macartney rose. On Texas whitebrush, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 g ai tebuthiuron/tree killed from 68 to 85, 75 to 100, 90, and 100% of the plants, respectively. Tebuthiuron persisted mainly in the upper 30 cm of soil for at least 15 months.

Response of Range Vegetation to Grid Placement and Aerial Application of Karbutilate

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Scifres ◽  
J. L. Mutz ◽  
C. H. Meadors
Keyword(s):  
Average Density ◽  
Grid Pattern ◽  
Post Oak ◽  
Ilex Vomitoria ◽  
Rolling Plains ◽  
Vegetation Region ◽  
Quercus Marilandica ◽  
Ulmus Alata ◽  
Quercus Stellata ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Karbutilate [tert-butylcarbamic acid ester with 3(m-hydroxypheny)-1, 1-dimethylurea], formulated as a ball 1.34 cm in diameter, was applied to brush-infested rangeland with fixed-wing aircraft and in a grid pattern by hand at an average density of four balls/12.4 m2 (1.83-m spacing). Control of woody plants with karbutilate applied by hand in an exact grid pattern was not different from aerial applications at the same rate. Based on evaluations at least 24 months after application, karbutilate at 0.56 or 1.12 kg/ha did not control honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. var. glandulosa (Torr.) Cockerell] in the subhumid Post Oak Savannah or semiarid Rolling Plains of Texas. At 2.24 kg/ha, canopy reduction of honey mesquite averaged 70% with 20 to 25% of the population killed. Post oak (Quercus stellata Wangenh.), blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica Muenchh.), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria Ait.), or winged elm (Ulmus alata Michx.) in Post Oak Savannah were not killed by 2.24 kg/ha. Karbutilate eliminated all vegetation in a 25 to 45-cm diameter circle, depending on concentration of active ingredient in the ball, the year of treatment regardless of vegetation region. The bare areas were revegetated within 2 yr following application in the Post Oak Savannah. However, bare areas in sodgrasses, primarily tobosa [Hilaria mutica (Buckl.) Benth.] and buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.], where 1.12 and 2.24 kg/ha were applied averaged 20 to 30 in diameter, respectively, 32 months after application to sandy clay loam in the Rolling Plains.

Evaluation of Polymerized Herbicides for Brush Control

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Bovey ◽  
R. E. Meyer ◽  
R. D. Baker ◽  
J. R. Baur
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Picolinic Acid ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Ilex Vomitoria ◽  
Brush Control ◽  
Ulmus Alata ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Polymerized and conventional (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-acetic acid (2,4-D), (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4,5-T), 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba), and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-picolinic acid (picloram) were applied alone and in certain combinations to several brush species. Generally there were no significant differences in effectiveness between conventional and polymerized herbicides on honey mesquite(Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockrell), huisache(Acacia farnesianaL. Willd.), Macartney rose(Rosa bracteataWendl.), live oak(Quercus virginianaMill.), whitebrush(Aloysia lycioidesCham.), and winged elm(Ulmus alataMichx.). Conventional granular picloram was more effective on yaupon(Ilex vomitoriaAit.) than polymerized formulations.

Leaf Removal Interval Effect After Sprays to Woody Plants

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Meyer ◽  
R. W. Bovey ◽  
T. E. Riley ◽  
W. T. McKelvy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Fraxinus Velutina ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Interval Effect ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Ulmus Alata ◽  
Several Intervals ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Greenhouse grown honey mesquite(Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) D.C. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell), huisache(Acacia farnesiana(L.) Willd.), and whitebrush(Aloysia lycioidesCham.) and field grown honey mesquite, huisache, whitebrush, live oak(Quercus virginianaMill.), Arizona ash(Fraxinus velutinaTorr.), and winged elm(Ulmus alataMichx.) were defoliated at several intervals following spray treatments with 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), or [(4-chioro-o-tolyl)oxy]acetic acid (MCPA). The time required by leaves to be retained on the plant after spraying to give maximum canopy reduction or death of plants varied among species. In most species, however, herbicide absorption and transport were complete within a 4-day period or less as compared to undefoliated treated plants.

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