Hirbemerdon Tepe: a late third to mid second millennium BC settlement of the upper Tigris valley

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Nicola Laneri ◽  
Stefano Valentini ◽  
Anacleto D'Agostino
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Near East ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Ancient Near East ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
Significant Region ◽  
Cultural Interactions

AbstractThe increased number of archaeological activities, underway as a result of the projected construction of the Ilısu dam to be built along the Tigris river in southeastern Anatolia, have brought to light numerous structures associated with the material culture of the late third millennium to mid second millennium BC. The assemblages are characterised by a local variety of pottery, the so-called ‘Red Brown Wash Ware’, usually found in contexts associated with materials similar to those available from contemporaneous periods in northern Mesopotamia, northern Syria and Anatolia. As a consequence, this paper investigates the apparent cultural interactions which took place between the Mesopotamian and Anatolian regions during the above-mentioned period, drawing on recent data obtained at the site of Hirbemerdon Tepe located along the upper Tigris river valley in southeastern Anatolia. Through this overview, an additional objective is to bring to a broader public the material culture of this relatively little known yet increasingly significant region of the ancient Near East.

Regime Change in the Ancient Near East and Egypt

2007 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Regime Change ◽  
Near East ◽  
Ancient Near East ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Islamic

The manner in which government practices and personnel survive the violent disruption of regime change is an issue of current relevance, yet it is a subject that has largely been ignored by modern scholarship. These chapters, covering more than 4,000 years of history, discuss the continuity of administration and royal iconography in successful changes of regime in Egypt, Mesopotamia and Iran. Recurring patterns are identified in ten case studies, ranging from late third millennium Mesopotamia to early Islamic Egypt. A summary of the recent history of Iraq suggests that these regularities have lessons for modern geopolitics.

scholarly journals Concepts and how they get that way

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karenleigh A. Overmann
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Near East ◽  
Cognitive System ◽  
Ancient Near East ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Material Engagement Theory ◽  
Engagement Theory ◽  
Material Component ◽  
Multiple Material ◽  
Material Form

Drawing on the material culture of the Ancient Near East as interpreted through Material Engagement Theory, the journey of how material number becomes a conceptual number is traced to address questions of how a particular material form might generate a concept and how concepts might ultimately encompass multiple material forms so that they include but are irreducible to all of them together. Material forms incorporated into the cognitive system affect the content and structure of concepts through their agency and affordances, the capabilities and constraints they provide as the material component of the extended, enactive mind. Material forms give concepts the tangibility that enables them to be literally grasped and manipulated. As they are distributed over multiple material forms, concepts effectively become independent of any of them, yielding the abstract irreducibility that makes a concept like number what it is. Finally, social aspects of material use—collaboration, ordinariness, and time—have important effects on the generation and distribution of concepts.

Sumerian Theology and Ethics

1956 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Noah Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Ancient Near East ◽  
Fundamental Nature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Systematic Philosophy ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

The sumerians failed to develop a systematic philosophy in the accepted sense of the word. In particular it never occurred to them to raise any questions concerning the fundamental nature of reality and knowledge, and therefore they evolved practically nothing corresponding to the philosophical subdivisions commonly known as metaphysics and epistemology. They did, however, speculate on the nature and, more particularly, the origin of the universe, as well as on its method of operation. And there is good reason to infer that in the course of the third millennium B.C. there emerged a group of Sumerian thinkers and teachers who, in the course of their quest for satisfactory answers to some of the problems raised by their cosmic speculations, evolved a systematic cosmology and theology carrying such high intellectual conviction that they became the basic creed and dogma of much of the ancient Near East.

A Group of Terracotta Wagon Models from Southeastern Anatolia

1986 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engin Özgen
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
Ancient Near East ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Vase Painting ◽  
The Third ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Considerable Period

Four-wheeled wagons, which can be considered as one of the major breakthroughs of man's technological evolution and range over a considerable period of time, seem to appear as pictographic signs on inscribed clay tablets from Uruk in southern Mesopotamia during the fourth millennium B.C. These simple vehicles which are depicted with a roofed superstructure were probably drawn by a pair of bovids the existence of which is attested in the ancient Near East both by literary sources and osteologically. The evidence for four-wheeled wagons, this time without a roof, becomes extensive in the following millennium as represented on the “Standard of Ur”, the “Vulture Stele”, specimens of vase painting, sealing and seals, terracotta and metal wagon models and actual wagon remains. In the beginning of the third millennium B.C. they are depicted in military contexts, hence the name “battle cars”, whereas there is no evidence for a similar use towards the end of the period and following millennia. It seems that they were relegated to cult use in the later third millennium B.C. and continued to the early second millennium B.C.

Material Culture, Iconography, and the Prophets

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent A. Strawn
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Near East ◽  
Ancient Near East ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
The Many

This chapter probes one aspect of material culture—namely, ancient Near Eastern iconography—for its pertinence for the prophets. It focuses on lion imagery in the book of Amos and lion iconography in the ancient Near East, but especially in the archaeology of ancient Israel/Palestine. The artistic remains contribute to a better understanding of this motif in Amos, and the same holds true for the many other images and metaphors that may be found in both the biblical text and the archaeology. In certain cases, as with the lion in Amos, attention to the iconographic data can cast light not only on singular instances of an idea in a specific verse or two, but also on wider complexes of ideas across larger units, if not entire prophetic books. Still further, the iconographic data can sometimes contribute to—or, in fact, chasten—debates about a book’s composition and redaction history.

Urbanism on the margins: third millennium BC Al-Rawda in the arid zone of Syria

Antiquity ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (313) ◽  
pp. 601-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Castel ◽  
Edgar Peltenburg
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Ancient Near East ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Fertile Crescent ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
Third Millennium Bc

The Fertile Crescent of the Ancient Near East is well known for its early cities in irrigated farming regions. Here the authors describe the recent discovery and investigation of a planned, circular, mid/late–third millennium BC city beyond the limit of rain-fed cultivation in the arid zone of inner Syria. Founded on the initiative of an unknown power and served by pastoralists and cultivators, the research at Al-Rawda demonstrates how environmental constraints were overcome in order to establish and sustain new centres in demanding regions at a time of maximum urbanisation.

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