scholarly journals XV. On the Action of Voltaic Electricity on Alcohol, Ether, and Aqueous Solutions

1836 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-353
Author(s):  
Arthur Connell
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Elastic Fluid ◽  
Negative Pole ◽  
Pure Alcohol

I was led into the following train of investigation from observing, that, when minute quantities of certain substances were dissolved in alcohol, and the liquid was acted on by a moderate voltaic power, evident signs of decomposition were exhibited by the evolution of elastic fluid at the negative pole. In investigating the nature of the changes produced, I was farther led to examine the action of voltaic electricity on a variety of alcoholic solutions, and also the agency of more powerful galvanic batteries on pure alcohol and on ether; and, ultimately, I was conducted into a field, into which I should have hesitated voluntarily to enter, namely, the voltaic decomposition of aqueous solutions, which has recently been investigated with so much success by a distinguished cultivator of science. In the following paper, it will be my object to give some account of the experiments which I have made on these different subjects, and of the results and views to which I have been led.

scholarly journals 1. On the Action of Voltaic Electricity on Alcohol, Ether, and Aqueous Solutions

1845 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 96-98
Author(s):  
Arthur Connell
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Caustic Potash ◽  
Negative Pole ◽  
Minute Quantity

The author was led into the following investigations, from observing that when alcohol, holding a minute quantity of pure caustic potash, as part, in solution, was acted on by a moderate voltaic power, as a small battery of fifty pairs of two-inch plates, evident marks of decomposition were exhibited, by an evolution of gas from the negative pole, and none from the positive. The experiment recalled to the author's recollection a statement made a few years ago by Dr Ritchie (Phil. Trans. 1832), that when alcohol not holding any substance in solution, was acted on by a powerful battery, gas was given off at the negative pole, which Dr Ritchie stated to be olefiant gas.

Ultrathin frozen sections of yeast without aldehyde prefixation

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
K. J. Böhm ◽  
a. E. Unger
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Good Preservation ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections

During the last years it was shown that also by means of cryo-ultra-microtomy a good preservation of substructural details of biological material was possible. However the specimen generally was prefixed in these cases with aldehydes.Preparing ultrathin frozen sections of chemically non-prefixed material commonly was linked up to considerable technical and manual expense and the results were not always satisfying. Furthermore, it seems to be impossible to carry out cytochemical investigations by means of treating sections of unfixed biological material with aqueous solutions.We therefore tried to overcome these difficulties by preparing yeast cells (S. cerevisiae) in the following manner:

Imaging polymers, proteins and dna in aqueous solutions with the atomic force microscope

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
S.A.C. Gould ◽  
B. Drake ◽  
C.B. Prater ◽  
A.L. Weisenhorn ◽  
S.M. Lindsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Piezoelectric Crystal ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Structure Of Molecules ◽  
Optical Lever

The atomic force microscope (AFM) is an instrument that can be used to image many samples of interest in biology and medicine. Images of polymerized amino acids, polyalanine and polyphenylalanine demonstrate the potential of the AFM for revealing the structure of molecules. Images of the protein fibrinogen which agree with TEM images demonstrate that the AFM can provide topographical data on larger molecules. Finally, images of DNA suggest the AFM may soon provide an easier and faster technique for DNA sequencing.The AFM consists of a microfabricated SiO2 triangular shaped cantilever with a diamond tip affixed at the elbow to act as a probe. The sample is mounted on a electronically driven piezoelectric crystal. It is then placed in contact with the tip and scanned. The topography of the surface causes minute deflections in the 100 μm long cantilever which are detected using an optical lever.

The Dark Tetrad

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janko Međedović ◽  
Boban Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Pole ◽  
Latent Space ◽  
Order Factor

Abstract. Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy are personality traits understood to be dispositions toward amoral and antisocial behavior. Recent research has suggested that sadism should also be added to this set of traits. In the present study, we tested a hypothesis proposing that these four traits are expressions of one superordinate construct: The Dark Tetrad. Exploration of the latent space of four “dark” traits suggested that the singular second-order factor which represents the Dark Tetrad can be extracted. Analysis has shown that Dark Tetrad traits can be located in the space of basic personality traits, especially on the negative pole of the Honesty-Humility, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Emotionality dimensions. We conclude that sadism behaves in a similar manner as the other dark traits, but it cannot be reduced to them. The results support the concept of “Dark Tetrad.”

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