Haitian Stasis

Worldview ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
Paul Ls. Cassagnol

The scarcity of hard currency and deep cuts in foreign assistance have brought Haiti to a point of complete economic stagnation. Hurricane David and poor crops have curtailed exports drastically. What mother nature has left undone the president has completed, diverting internal revenues from the treasury, which are converted into available dollars and transferred to private bank accounts abroad. At a popular estimate the Duvalier family is worth more than $500 million, cash.Firm evidence of treasury looting was first provided by World Bank Report No. 1243HA of September 25, 1976, revealing that $45.5 million in government revenues for fiscal 1975 were unbudgeted and could not be accounted for. In 1977, according to a report prepared by the U.S. embassy staff in PortauPririce and published by the U.S. Department of Commerce in Foreign Economic Trends (No. 77-148), the “unbudgeted receipts amounted to 60 million in FY/77 and [were] projected at 69 million in FY/78.” Now Jack Anderson provides an update. “Baby Doc,” he says in his column of March 29, “has been stealing millions of dollars in loans provided by the International Monetary Fund.” And what is more, Michele, the president's bride of a year, has been drawing a monthly allowance of $100,000 from the treasury under her husband's authorization.

Author(s):  
Roberts Cynthia ◽  
Leslie Armijo ◽  
Saori Katada

This chapter examines four ideal types of collective financial statecraft of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) in four case studies occurring between 2007 and mid-2016. The first type is inside reforms of existing institutions, illustrated by the BRICS’ attempt to gain greater influence within the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank. A second type is inside reforms of markets, defined as resisting or reallocating the political power accruing to states that possess currency and financial market power. The associated case profiles the BRICS’ opposition to sanctions against Russia over its intervention in Ukraine. A third type of BRICS collective action occurs via the outside option to create new parallel institutions such as the New Development Bank (NDB) and Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA). Finally, a fourth type combines the choice of an outside option with a market-based venue. The chapter examines BRICS support of greater internationalization of China’s currency, rivaling the U.S. dollar and thus altering international financial markets. The BRICS have cooperated successfully in most of their attempts.


Author(s):  
David K. Johnson

This chapter analyzes how a fear of homosexuals characterized American Cold War security concerns, leading to the establishment of policies, procedures, and personnel throughout the U.S. government to uncover and remove all suspected gays and lesbians from public service. This state-sponsored homophobic panic was exported to America's Western allies and international organizations such as the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank. The chapter shows how U.S. officials pressured foreign officials and the heads of international organizations to adopt American-style security procedures and purge their agencies of anyone guilty of homosexual conduct. Fearing the loss of either American financial aid or contact with the U.S. intelligence-gathering apparatus, most sought to comply.


2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
Zafar Mahmood

Pakistan like many other developing countries has been experiencing both financial and fiscal instability. This is mainly because it has miserably failed to generate sufficient resources required for its economic development. Consequently, to supplement its meager domestic resources, it has been mostly seeking foreign assistance. At times when ‘friends of Pakistan’, for their own ulterior motives, such as support for the cold war and war on terror, have helped Pakistan through project and programme aid, it has kept striving to move towards a higher path of economic growth despite poor governance and mismanagement of the economy by its planners and economic managers. At other times, when the ‘friends’ have been slow to coming forward, Pakistan has looked for financial aid from international financial institutions including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. These institutions always attach stringent conditions to financial assistance. As a result, these institutions remain (implicitly) instrumental in the formulation of short- to medium-term economic policies of Pakistan, with outcomes that are always considered as sub-optimal.


2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 02038
Author(s):  
Shahla Mohammad Ali

Foreign direct investment in Iraq cannot take its complete role for different reasons, such as: Lack of security, Corruption, Lack of Transparency, Unequipped banking system, undeveloped arbitration law, Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) issue, and internal disputes over oil rights. It was found that Iraq rates as one of the worst places in the world to do business, languishing at 166 out of 183 countries, according to a World Bank report and for starting a business Iraq ranks even lower


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