Epigenetic effects of child abuse and neglect propagate human cruelty

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Swain
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Stability ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Early Environment ◽  
Molecular Programming ◽  
Response System ◽  
Epigenetic Effects ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Stress Response System ◽  
Early Trauma

The nature of children's early environment has profound long-term consequences. We are beginning to understand the underlying molecular programming of the stress-response system, which may mediate the destructive long-term effects of cruelty to children, explain the evolutionary stability of cruelty, and provide opportunities for its reversal of early trauma.

Long Term Effects of Early School Entry

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion M. de Lemos
Keyword(s):  
School Entry ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Early Environment ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
Early School ◽  
Popular Appeal ◽  
To Come ◽  
Early Primary ◽  
Age Of Entry

The debate regarding age of entry to school goes back a number of years. It seemed to come to a head in the late 1970s, coinciding with the visit to Australia of Dr Raymond Moore, who put forward the somewhat extreme view that children should not start school before the age of about 8 to 10 years. Hisargument was based on a maturational view of development. Experiences must wait until the child is ‘ready’ and the brain has ‘matured’. In particular, he argued that exposure to early reading and the close work involved in the pre-school and early primary school could harm the developing visual system and lead to long-term visual defects, particularly short-sightedness.Moore's position was of course contrary to the mainstream of thought in this area, and particularly the recognition, stemming from the work of Hebb and Piaget, of the importance of the early environment in laying the foundations for later development. It nevertheless had some popular appeal, and was taken up by various parent and teacher pressure groups who called for changes to school entry policies and specifically raising the age of entry to school to five years.

Rodent models of early environment effects on offspring development and susceptibility to neurological diseases in adulthood

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Coutellier
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Early Environment ◽  
Offspring Development ◽  
Early Life Events

AbstractEvents early in life can program brain for a pattern of neuroendocrine and behavioral responses in later life. This mechanism is named “developmental phenotypic plasticity”. Experimental evidences from rodents show that early experiences influence long-term development of behavioral, neuroendocrine and cognitive functions. While some neonatal conditions lead to positive outcomes, offspring might also display neurological dysfunctions in adulthood in case of adverse conditions during the early development. Different factors have been suggested to mediate the effects of neonatal conditions on offspring development but their exact contribution as well as their interaction still needs to be clarified. Studies based on rodents have been developed to model the long-term effects of early environmental conditions on the developing brain. These studies highlight importance of maternal behavior in mediating the effects of early environmental conditions on the offspring. However, other studies suggest that aside from the level of maternal care, other factors (gender, neonatal glucocorticoid levels) contribute to the adjustment of offspring phenotype to early environmental cues. Altogether, rodents-based evidence suggests that developmental plasticity is a very complex phenomenon mediated by multiple factors that interact one to each other. Ultimately, the goal is to understand how early life events can lead to advantageous phenotype in adult life, or, on the contrary, can predispose individuals to psychopathologies such as depression or anxiety.

Interdisciplinary Training Program (ITP) in child abuse and neglect: Long term effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 104032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yui Yamaoka ◽  
Carisa Wilsie ◽  
Elizabeth Bard ◽  
Barbara L. Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Interdisciplinary Training ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Abuse And Neglect
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