Top-down versus bottom-up perspectives on clinically significant memory reconsolidation

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Marks-Tarlow ◽  
Jaak Panksepp
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamics ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Memory Reconsolidation ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Traumatic Memories ◽  
Clinically Significant

AbstractLane et al. are right: Troublesome memories can be therapeutically recontextualized. Reconsolidation of negative/traumatic memories within the context of positive/prosocial affects can facilitate diverse psychotherapies. Although neural mechanisms remain poorly understood, we discuss how nonlinear dynamics of various positive affects, heavily controlled by primal subcortical networks, may be critical for optimal benefits.

scholarly journals Shared neural mechanisms of visual perception and imagery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Dijkstra ◽  
Sander Erik Bosch ◽  
Marcel van Gerven
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Neural Representations

For decades, the extent to which visual imagery relies on similar neural mechanisms as visual perception has been a topic of debate. Here, we review recent neuroimaging studies comparing these two forms of visual experience. Their results suggest that there is large overlap in neural processing during perception and imagery: neural representations of imagined and perceived stimuli are similar in visual, parietal and frontal cortex. Furthermore, perception and imagery seem to rely on similar top-down connectivity. The most prominent difference is the absence of bottom-up processing during imagery. These findings fit well with the idea that imagery and perception rely on similar emulation or prediction processes.

NO REVOLUTION NECESSARY: NEURAL MECHANISMS FOR ECONOMICS

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl F. Craver ◽  
Anna Alexandrova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Classical Economics ◽  
Classical Economic

We argue that neuroeconomics should be a mechanistic science. We defend this view as preferable both to a revolutionary perspective, according to which classical economics is eliminated in favour of neuroeconomics, and to a classical economic perspective, according to which economics is insulated from facts about psychology and neuroscience. We argue that, like other mechanistic sciences, neuroeconomics will earn its keep to the extent that it either reconfigures how economists think about decision-making or how neuroscientists think about brain mechanisms underlying behaviour. We discuss some ways that the search for mechanisms can bring about such top-down and bottom-up revision, and we consider some examples from the recent neuroeconomics literature of how varieties of progress of this sort might be achieved.

scholarly journals The time course of synaesthetic colour perception

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Lungu ◽  
Nicolas Rothen ◽  
Devin Terhune
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Colour Perception ◽  
Bottom Up

Grapheme-colour synaesthesia is a neurodevelopmental condition wherein perception of numbers and letters consistently and involuntarily elicits the concurrent experience of a colour photism. Accumulating evidence suggests that heterogeneity in the visuospatial phenomenology of synaesthesia is attributable to the operation of top-down processes underlying photisms experienced as representations in associator synaesthetes and bottom-up processes subserving photisms experienced as spatially localized in projector synaesthetes. An untested corollary of this hypothesis is that bottom-up mechanisms will actuate earlier photism perception in projector synaesthetes. We tested this prediction in a pre-registered study in which associators and projectors completed adaptive temporal order judgment tasks for graphemes, colours, and photisms. In corroboration of the hypothesis of differential photism access across visuospatial phenomenology subtypes, projectors displayed earlier photism colour thresholds than associators whereas the two subtypes did not significantly differ in veridical colour thresholds. Synesthetes did not differ in grapheme or colour thresholds relative to non-synesthete controls, contrary to previous suggestions of superior colour processing in this condition. These results are consistent with the proposal of differential neural mechanisms underlying photism perception in subtypes of grapheme-colour synaesthesia and warrant renewed attention to heterogeneity in the mechanisms and phenomenology of this condition.

Psychology and Culture: Top Down Versus Bottom Up?

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Cole
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up

Optimalisasi Ekonomi Syariah Untuk Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Dalam Pengentasan Kemiskinan Mewujudkan Goodgovernance

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Sadari Sadari ◽  
Nurhidayat Nurhidayat ◽  
Rafiqah Rafiqah
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up

Humanisme religius telah mengantarkan pada era kesadaran bahwa peradaban manusia harus memiliki dua arus yang saling menunjang. Selama ini arus balik dalam bidang ekonomi hanya menonjolkan arus balik vertikal atas kebawah (model top down) yang didominasi oleh sistem ekonomi kapitalis dan sosialis, sedangkan di sisi lain mengesampingkan arus balik vertikal dari bawah ke atas (model bottom up) yang didominasi oleh sistem ekonomi syariah, sehingga dampaknya adalah adanya kesenjangan ekonomi yang sangat tajam. Paper ini mewujudkan peran penting, yakni menghubungkan dua arus tersebut secara timbal-balik, yakni mempertemukan arus pertama dengan arus balik kedua, sehingga akan menghasilkan dampak yang positif, progresif, kreatif dan produktif, kemudian pada akhirnya akan dapat meng-optomal-kan ekonomi syariah untuk menciptakan goodgovernance, post goodgovernance secara berkelanjutan, tentunya dengan bantuan peran media kontemporer yang kian update. Ekonomi syariah juga merupakan pilar dan nilai dasar, dari sikap keyakinan dan sikap rasionalitas untuk sanggup menciptakan terwujudnya pemberdayaan dan kesejahteraan sekaligus pengentasan kemiskinan dalam masyarakat di Indonesia.

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