visual imagery
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2022 ◽  
pp. 174702182210750
Author(s):  
Federica Scarpina ◽  
Clara Paschino ◽  
Massimo Scacchi ◽  
Alessandro Mauro ◽  
Anna Sedda

Objective. Obesity is a clinical condition that impacts severely the physical body. However, evidence related to the mental representation of the body in action is scarce. The few available studies only focus on avoiding obstacles, rather than participants imagining their own body. Method. To advance knowledge in this field, we assessed the performance of twenty-two individuals with obesity compared to thirty individuals with a healthy weight in two tasks that implied different motor (more implicit vs. more explicit) imagery strategies. Two tasks were also administered to control for visual imagery skills, to rule out confounding factors. Moreover, we measured body uneasiness, through a standard questionnaire, as body image negativity could impact on other body representation components. Results. Our findings do not show differences in the motor imagery tasks between individuals with obesity and individuals with healthy weight. On the other hand, some differences emerge in visual imagery skills. Crucially, individuals with obesity did report a higher level of body uneasiness. Conclusions. Despite a negative body image and visual imagery differences, obesity per se does not impact on the representation of the body in action. Importantly, this result is independent from the level of awareness required to access the mental representation of the body.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sule Tinaz ◽  
Serageldin Kamel ◽  
Sai S Aravala ◽  
Mohamed Elfil ◽  
Ahmed Bayoumi ◽  
...  

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) causes difficulty with maintaining the speed, size, and vigor of movements, especially when they are internally generated. We previously proposed that the insula is important in motivating intentional movement via its connections with the dorsomedial frontal cortex (dmFC). We demonstrated that subjects with PD can increase the right insula-dmFC functional connectivity using fMRI-based neurofeedback (NF) combined with kinesthetic motor imagery (MI). The current study is a randomized clinical trial testing whether NF-guided kinesthetic MI training can improve motor performance and increase task-based and resting-state right insula-dmFC functional connectivity in subjects with PD. Methods: We assigned nondemented subjects with mild PD (Hoehn & Yahr stage ≤ 3) to the experimental kinesthetic MI with NF (MI-NF, n=22) and active control visual imagery (VI, n=22) groups. Only the MI-NF group received NF-guided MI training (10-12 runs). The NF signal was based on the right insula-dmFC functional connectivity strength. All subjects also practiced their respective imagery tasks at home daily for 4 weeks. Post-training changes in 1) task-based and resting-state right insula-dmFC functional connectivity were the imaging outcomes, and 2) MDS-UPDRS motor exam and motor function scores were the clinical outcomes. Results: The MI-NF group did not show significant NF regulation and was not significantly different from the VI group in any of the imaging or clinical outcome measures. The MI-NF group reported subjective improvement in kinesthetic body awareness. There was significant and comparable improvement only in motor function scores in both groups. This improvement correlated with NF regulation of the right insula-dmFC functional connectivity only in the MI-NF group. Both groups showed specific training effects in whole-brain functional connectivity with distinct neural circuits supporting kinesthetic motor and visual imagery (exploratory outcome). Conclusions: The functional connectivity-based NF regulation was unsuccessful in our cohort with mild PD. However, kinesthetic MI practice by itself or in combination with other imagery techniques is a promising tool in motor rehabilitation in PD.


2021 ◽  
pp. 241-255
Author(s):  
A. A. Zhitenev

The results of the study of the genre form of ekphrasis in the context of the “visual turn” in the 1990—2000s are presented in the article. A particular case — Shamshad Abdullaev’s poem “Two Films”, which combines the impressions of two films by Spanish director Jose Luis Guerin “En la ciudad de Sylvia” (2007) and “Tren de sombras” (1997) are examined in the article. It has been established that this text is both a narrative about reception and an experience of “poetological” utterance, in which the poet speaks about his understanding of the essence of art, the nature of the creative act, connections between poetry and visual imagery. This is a “complex ekphrasis”, involving the alignment of motives and plots of different works in a single semantic series. Ekphrastic description includes both the reproduction of plot-significant scenes and the peculiarities of the film language. It is proved that the reception of cinema is mediated by other artistic codes (photography, literature), complicated by reflection on the language of philosophy and aesthetics (“mono no aware”, “nunc stans”). The semiotics of the visual, therefore, arises at the intersection of different cultural codes and contexts.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wlodzislaw Duch

Lack of vivid sensory imagery has recently become an active subject of research, under the name of aphantasia. Extremely vivid imagery, or hyperphantasia, is at the other end of the spectrum of individual differences. While most research has focused on visual imagery in this paper I argue that from a neuropsychological perspective this phenomenon is much more widespread, and should be categorized as imagery sensory agnosia. After over twenty years of learning to play music phenomenology of auditory imagery agnosia is described from the first-person perspective. Reflections on other forms of imagery agnosia and deficits of autobiographical memories are presented and a hypothesis about putative brain processes that can account for such phenomena is discussed. Extreme individual differences in imagery and in autobiographical memory have implications for many fields of study, from consciousness research to education.


Author(s):  
Mª Pilar Aparicio Flores ◽  
Ricardo Sanmartín López ◽  
María Vicent Juan
Keyword(s):  

El estudio de los Pensamientos Automáticos Perfeccionistas (PAP) está en auge tras observar su efecto negativo sobre la salud de las personas. De ahí la necesidad de buscar estrategias de prevención de estas rumias de perfección. El objetivo del estudio fue observar si existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las dimensiones de la vivacidad o capacidad de imagen mental (CIM) en función de las altas o bajas puntuaciones de los distintos factores de PAP, así como analizar la probabilidad de presentar PAP en función de los factores de CIM. Para ello se reclutó una muestra de 791 universitarios españoles (M = 22.5; DE = 5.21) y se utilizó la Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory (PCI) y la Vividness Visual Imagery Questionnaire-Revised Version 12 (VVIQRV-12). Los resultados arrojan diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la Capacidad Creativa de Imágenes (CCI) en todos los factores, puntuando más alto en función de los bajos Esfuerzos (EP; d=.32) y Demandas Perfeccionistas (DP; d=.22); sugiriendo, además, que a medida que aumenta la CCI disminuye la probabilidad de presentar EP y DP. En conclusión, los hallazgos del estudio muestran características concretas de los PAP que benefician el diseño de estrategias de prevención sobre estas rumias poco saludables.


Roman imagery and iconography are typically studied under the more general umbrella of Roman art and in broader, medium-specific studies. This handbook focuses primarily on visual imagery in the Roman world, examined by context and period, and the evolving scholarly traditions of iconographic analysis and visual semiotics that have framed the modern study of these images. As such topics—or, more directly, the isolation of these topics from medium-specific or strictly temporal evaluations of Roman art—are uncommon in monograph-length studies, our goal is that this handbook will be an important reference for both the communicative value of images in the Roman world and the tradition of iconographical analysis. The chapters herein represent contributions from a number of leading and emerging authorities on Roman imagery and iconography from across the world, representing a variety of academic traditions and methods of image analysis.


2021 ◽  
pp. xiv-3
Author(s):  
Lea K. Cline ◽  
Nathan T. Elkins

Roman imagery and iconography are typically studied under the more general umbrella of Roman art in medium-specific studies. This handbook focuses primarily on visual imagery in the Roman world, examined by context and period, and the evolving scholarly traditions of iconographic analysis and visual semiotics that have framed the modern study of these images. As such topics—or, more directly, the isolation of these topics from medium-specific or strictly temporal evaluations of Roman art—are uncommon in monograph-length studies, our goal is that this handbook will be an important reference for both the communicative value of images in the Roman world and the tradition of iconographical analysis. The chapters herein represent contributions from a number of leading and emerging authorities on Roman imagery and iconography from across the world, representing a variety of academic traditions and methods of image analysis.


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