The convergent and divergent evolution of social-behavioral economics

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard J. Crespi
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Social Insects ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Divergent Evolution ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Group Competition

AbstractHuman hunter-gatherers share a suite of traits with social insects, which demonstrates convergent social evolution of these taxa prior to agriculture. Humans differ from social insects in that their divisions of labor are more competitive than cooperative. Resulting higher within-group competition in humans has been alleviated by religion and culturally imposed monogamy, both of which also find parallels among social insects.

scholarly journals Crystalline deposits reveal caste identity of late embryos and larvae of the ant Cardiocondyla obscurior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Wallner ◽  
Eva Schultner ◽  
Jan Oettler
Keyword(s):  
Social Insects ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Crystalline Deposits ◽  
Reproductive Conflicts

Social insects are interesting models for the study of anticipatory developmental plasticity because of the striking differentiation into reproductive queens and functionally sterile workers. A few ant genera, including Cardiocondyla, represent the pinnacle of social evolution in the Hymenoptera, where workers have completely lost their reproductive organs, minimizing reproductive conflicts between queens and workers. Here we show that late embryos and larvae of queens of the ant C. obscurior can be identified by the appearance of urate deposits around the forming ovaries. The discovery of caste-specific urate patterns in C. obscurior and three additional Cardiocondyla species will facilitate future studies of developmental plasticity in ants.

Human Social Evolution: A Comparison of Hunter-gatherer and Chimpanzee Social Organization

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Layton ◽  
Sean O'Hara
Keyword(s):  
Social Evolution ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Social Unit ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Social Evolution ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Human Foraging ◽  
Lower Population

This chapter compares the social behaviour of human hunter-gatherers with that of the better-studied chimpanzee species, Pan troglodytes, in an attempt to pinpoint the unique features of human social evolution. Although hunter-gatherers and chimpanzees living in central Africa have similar body weights, humans live at much lower population densities due to their greater dependence on predation. Human foraging parties have longer duration than those of chimpanzees, lasting hours rather than minutes, and a higher level of mutual dependence, through the division of labour between men (hunting) and women (gathering); which is in turn related to pair-bonding, and meat sharing to reduce the risk of individual hunters' failure on any particular day. The band appears to be a uniquely human social unit that resolves the tension between greater dispersion and greater interdependence.

The Invention of Hunter-Gatherers in Seventeenth-Century Europe – A Comment from Upper Mesopotamia, Near East

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Damien Bischoff
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Biblical Authority ◽  
Interesting Point ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Modern Economic

The interesting point in Pluciennik's paper, other than the well documented and useful part on the philosophical origins of the deep-seated categories of foragers and farmers and hunting and farming practices, is the focus placed on the opposition of the two terms and its ideological bases. He reviews the shift from foragers to farmers (from social evolution, progress systematised as universal schemes of human development defined by subsistence categories) following six inter-related factors relevant to him: the rise of individualism, the growth of modern economic theory and materialism, the birth of Reason and Science, the concepts and practices of improvement, the decline of Biblical authority, and tropes from classical authors.

Social insects, merely a “fun house” mirror of human social evolution

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hal B. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Social Insects ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Human Social Evolution

AbstractSocial insects show us very little about the evolution of complex human society. As more relevant literature demonstrates, ultrasociality is a cause rather than an effect of human social evolution.

Progressive Social Evolution and Hunter-Gatherers

2015 ◽  
pp. 3-31
Author(s):  
Robert L. Bettinger ◽  
Raven Garvey ◽  
Shannon Tushingham
Keyword(s):  
Social Evolution ◽  
Hunter Gatherers

scholarly journals Religion’s Possible Role in Facilitating Eusocial Human Societies. A Behavioral Biology (Ethological) Perspective

Studia Humana ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay R. Feierman
Keyword(s):  
Social Insects ◽  
Social System ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Behavioral Biology ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Crustacean Species ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Land Vertebrate

Abstract Eusociality is the most successful animal social system on earth. It is found in many social insects, a few crustacean species, and only three vertebrates: two African naked mole rats and human beings. Eusociality, so unusual for a vertebrate, is one of main factors leading to human beings becoming the most successful land vertebrate on earth by almost any measure. We are also unique in being the only land vertebrate with religions. Could the two be related? This article will present evidence, illustrated primarily with Judaism and Christianity, that these two seemingly unrelated social systems – eusociality and religion – that correlate temporally in our evolution, are possibly related. Evidence will also be presented that a (mostly) non-reproducing exemplar caste of celibate clergy was a eusocial-facilitating aspect of religion in western social evolution.

Coastal hunter-gatherers and social evolution

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Bailey ◽  
Nicky Milner
Keyword(s):  
Social Evolution ◽  
Hunter Gatherers
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