Becoming an expert: Ontogeny of expertise as an example of neural reuse

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x15001570 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alessandro Guida ◽

Guillermo Campitelli ◽

Fernand Gobet

Keyword(s):

Neural Basis ◽

Cerebral Activation ◽

Neural Reuse ◽

Cerebral Reorganization ◽

Acquisition Of Expertise

AbstractIn this commentary, we discuss an important pattern of results in the literature on the neural basis of expertise: (a) decrease of cerebral activation at the beginning of acquisition of expertise and (b) functional cerebral reorganization as a consequence of years of practice. We show how these two results can be integrated with the neural reuse framework.

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Cognitive and neural processes in non-clinical auditory hallucinations

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.191.51.s76 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 191 (S51) ◽

pp. s76-s81 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Emma Barkus ◽

John Stirling ◽

Richard Hopkins ◽

Shane McKie ◽

Shôn Lewis

Keyword(s):

Temporal Cortex ◽

Auditory Hallucinations ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

False Alarms ◽

Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽

Neural Basis ◽

Cerebral Activation ◽

Middle Temporal ◽

Neural Processes ◽

Stimulus Degradation

BackgroundThe nosological status of auditory hallucinations in non-clinical samples is unclearAimsTo investigate the functional neural basis of non-clinical hallucinationsMethodAfter selection from 1206 people, 68 participants of high, medium and low hallucination proneness completed a task designed to elicit verbal hallucinatory phenomena under conditions of stimulus degradation. Eight subjects who reported hearing a voice when none was present repeated the task during functional imagingResultsDuring the signal detection task, the high hallucination-prone participants reported a voice to be present when it was not (false alarms) significantly more often than the average or low participants (P<0.03, d.f. =2). On functional magnetic resonance imaging, patterns of activation during these false alarms showed activation in the superior and middle temporal cortex (P<0.001)ConclusionsAuditory hallucinatory experiences reported in non-clinical samples appear to be mediated by similar patterns of cerebral activation as found during hallucinations in schizophrenia

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Neural Basis of Motor Control

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America ◽

10.1016/s1047-9651(18)30549-7 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 615-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Thomas Thach

Keyword(s):

Motor Control ◽

Neural Basis

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Neural Basis of Semantic Memory

10.1017/cbo9780511544965 ◽

2007 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Semantic Memory ◽

Neural Basis

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Emotional Reactivity to Visual Content as Revealed by ERP Component Clustering

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000145 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 135-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Miroslaw Wyczesany ◽

Szczepan J. Grzybowski ◽

Jan Kaiser

Keyword(s):

Emotional Reactivity ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Affective State ◽

Occipital Lobe ◽

Stimulus Onset ◽

Emotional States ◽

Neural Basis ◽

Temporoparietal Junction ◽

The Right ◽

The Impact

Abstract. In the study, the neural basis of emotional reactivity was investigated. Reactivity was operationalized as the impact of emotional pictures on the self-reported ongoing affective state. It was used to divide the subjects into high- and low-responders groups. Independent sources of brain activity were identified, localized with the DIPFIT method, and clustered across subjects to analyse the visual evoked potentials to affective pictures. Four of the identified clusters revealed effects of reactivity. The earliest two started about 120 ms from the stimulus onset and were located in the occipital lobe and the right temporoparietal junction. Another two with a latency of 200 ms were found in the orbitofrontal and the right dorsolateral cortices. Additionally, differences in pre-stimulus alpha level over the visual cortex were observed between the groups. The attentional modulation of perceptual processes is proposed as an early source of emotional reactivity, which forms an automatic mechanism of affective control. The role of top-down processes in affective appraisal and, finally, the experience of ongoing emotional states is also discussed.

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