Liu vs. Liu vs. Luke? Name influence on voice recall

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1117-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIANNE SENIOR ◽  
JOBIE HUI ◽  
MOLLY BABEL
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Familiarity Effect ◽  
Linguistic Processing ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
Language Familiarity ◽  
Phonetic Cues ◽  
Accented English

ABSTRACTListeners are better at remembering voices speaking in familiar languages and accents, and this finding is often dubbed the language-familiarity effect (LFE). A potential mechanism behind the LFE relates to a combination of listeners’ implicit knowledge about lower level phonetic cues and higher level linguistic processes. While previous work has established that listeners’ social expectations influence various aspects of linguistic processing and speech perception, it remains unknown how such expectations might affect talker recognition. To this end, Mandarin-accented English voices and locally accented English voices were used in a talker recognition paradigm in conditions which paired voices with stereotypically congruent names (Mandarin-accented English voice as Chen and locally accented English voice as Connor) and stereotypically incongruent names (vice versa). Across two experiments, listeners showed greater recall for the familiar, local voices than the Mandarin-accented ones, confirming the basic premise of the LFE. Further, incongruent accent/name pairings negatively affected listeners’ performance, although listeners with experience speaking Mandarin were less influenced by the incongruent accent/name pairings. These results indicate that the LFE, while relying largely on listeners’ ability to parse linguistic information, is also affected by nonlinguistic information about a talker’s social identity.

scholarly journals From speech and talkers to the social world: The neural processing of human spoken language

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (6461) ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie K. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Social World ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Linguistic Processing ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Use

Human speech perception is a paradigm example of the complexity of human linguistic processing; however, it is also the dominant way of expressing vocal identity and is critically important for social interactions. Here, I review the ways that the speech, the talker, and the social nature of speech interact and how this may be computed in the human brain, using models and approaches from nonhuman primate studies. I explore the extent to which domain-general approaches may be able to account for some of these neural findings. Finally, I address the importance of extending these findings into a better understanding of the social use of speech in conversations.

scholarly journals Age Estimation in Foreign-accented Speech by Native and Non-native Speakers

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-183
Author(s):  
Ksenia Gnevsheva ◽  
Daniel Bürkle
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
First Language ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Accented Speech ◽  
Japanese Speakers ◽  
Language Familiarity ◽  
Accented English

Current research shows that listeners are generally accurate at estimating speakers’ age from their speech. This study investigates the effect of speaker first language and the role played by such speaker characteristics as fundamental frequency and speech rate. In this study English and Japanese first language speakers listened to English- and Japanese-accented English speech and estimated the speaker’s age. We find the highest correlation between real and estimated speaker age for English listeners listening to English speakers, followed by Japanese listeners listening to both English and Japanese speakers, with English listeners listening to Japanese speakers coming last. We find that Japanese speakers are estimated to be younger than the English speakers by English listeners, and that both groups of listeners estimate male speakers and speakers with a lower mean fundamental frequency to be older. These results suggest that listeners rely on sociolinguistic information in their speaker age estimations and language familiarity plays a role in their success.

scholarly journals A language-familiarity effect for speaker discrimination without comprehension

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (38) ◽  
pp. 13795-13798 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fleming ◽  
B. L. Giordano ◽  
R. Caldara ◽  
P. Belin
Keyword(s):  
Familiarity Effect ◽  
Language Familiarity ◽  
Speaker Discrimination

A language familiarity effect for talker identification in forward but not time-reversed speech

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 2415-2415
Author(s):  
Sara C. Dougherty ◽  
Deirdre E. Mclaughlin ◽  
Tyler K. Perrachione
Keyword(s):  
Familiarity Effect ◽  
Language Familiarity ◽  
Talker Identification

Learning the phonetic cues to the voiced-voiceless distinction: a comparison of child and adult speech perception

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mel Greenlee
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Phonological Contrast ◽  
Control Set ◽  
Phonetic Cues

ABSTRACTThe present study explored children's perceptual capabilities with regard to the temporal acoustic cue of differential vowel duration, comparing children's perceptual identifications to those of adults. Three-year-old children, six-year-old children, and adults participated in two experiments, in which they were asked to identify (as voiced or voiceless) CVC words with uniformly voiceless final obstruents, but in which vowel duration was systematically varied. Children were also asked to identify a set of CONTROL stimuli, in which both closure voicing and vowel duration differences were present. Results indicate that both subject age and vowel duration of the TEST stimuli significantly affect identification responses. Adults and six-year olds evidence perceptual cross-over in their judgements for the TEST stimuli, while three-year-olds do not seem to change their identifications, regardless of variations in vowel duration. However, for both groups of children, the accuracy of identifications was greater for originally voiced stimuli on the CONTROL set of words, in which more than one potential cue to the voicing distinction was present. These results suggest that there is a complex and somewhat paradoxical relationship between developing production and perception which deserves further research. Children may consistently produce a phonetic difference (vowel duration) which they are unable to use as the SOLE perceptual cue for a phonological contrast.

scholarly journals When Trust Goes Wrong: A Social Identity Model of Risk Taking

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tegan Cruwys ◽  
Katharine Helen Greenaway ◽  
Laura J Ferris ◽  
Joanne Rathbone ◽  
Alexander K Saeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Total N ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
Identity Model ◽  
Group Memberships

Risk taking is typically viewed through a lens of individual deficits (e.g., impulsivity) or normative influence (e.g., peer pressure). An unexplored possibility is that shared group membership, and the trust that flows from it, may play a role in reducing risk perceptions and promoting risky behavior. We propose and test a Social Identity Model of Risk Taking in eight studies (total N = 4,708) that employ multiple methods including minimal group paradigms, correlational, longitudinal, and experimental designs to investigate the effect of shared social identity across diverse risk contexts. Studies 1 and 2 provided evidence for the basic premise of the model, showing that ingroup members were perceived as posing lower risk and inspired greater risk taking behavior than outgroup members. Study 3 found that social identification was a moderator, such that effect of shared group membership was strongest among high identifiers. Studies 4 and 5 among festival attendees showed correlational and longitudinal evidence for the model and further that risk-taking was mediated by trust, not disgust. Study 6 manipulated the mediator and found that untrustworthy faces were trusted more and perceived as less risky when they were ingroup compared to outgroup members. Studies 7 and 8 identified integrity as the subcomponent of trust that consistently promotes greater risk taking in the presence of ingroup members. The findings reveal that a potent source of risk discounting is the group memberships we share with others. Ironically, this means the people we trust the most may sometimes pose the greatest risk.

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