scholarly journals 2. X-Ray Astronomy

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 616-625
Author(s):  
K A Pounds
Keyword(s):  
Data Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Absorption Feature ◽  
Burst Source ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Proportional Counters ◽  
Large Satellite ◽  
Storage Problem ◽  
First Time

The period leading up to the last IAU General Assembly was dominated in X-ray Astronomy by the results from the Einstein Observatory. This first application of a large, satellite-borne, high resolution X-ray telescope to the study of cosmic sources had led, by the end of orbital operation in April 1981, to the detection of X-ray fluxes from a wide variety of astronomical objects and the full maturing of X-ray Astronomy. During the past three years a strong scientific output has continued to flow from the analysis of the more than 5600 separate Einstein observations, many of which are now widely available via the Einstein Data Bank. In sharp contrast, the peak of activity and scientific output from Einstein will apparently be followed, in the United States, by almost a decade with no new X-ray satellite. Fortunately, successful launches have been achieved in both the Japanese and European programmes, with Tenma launched in February 1983 (to join Hakucho in orbit) followed by EXOSAT three months later. Both these new missions have attracted world-wide interest and observing time on both is at a premium. Of a range of instruments on board the Tenma satellite the most productive is proving to be the large (~800 cm2) array of gas scintillation proportional counters. These detectors, flown for the first time on Tenma (and EXOSAT), provide a factor-of-two increase in spectral resolution over the more conventional proportional counters, an advantage which is particularly valuable in resolving the key emission line and absorption features associated with the K-shell of iron, near ~7 keV. One particularly exciting result reported from this Tenma instrument was an apparent absorption feature at ~4.1 keV in X-ray burst spectra from the source 2S 1636-536 (later supported by EXOSAT observations), the feature being attributed to red-shifted iron absorption in the strong gravitational field close to the neutron star burst source! At the time of writing (December 1984) a power storage problem is limiting the operational efficiency of Tenma, but the scientific payload continues to function well.

scholarly journals Global scientific output trend for Akkermansia muciniphila research: a bibliometric and scientometric analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojat Dehghanbanadaki ◽  
Hossein Aazami ◽  
Shahrbanoo Keshavarz Azizi Raftar ◽  
Fatemeh Ashrafian ◽  
Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Scientometric Analysis ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Type2 Diabetes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Bibliometric Profile

Abstract Background Akkermansia muciniphila is an anaerobic bacterium residing in the healthy intestinal tract of host and its quantity has a negative correlation with various host diseases. This study for the first time provides a holistic bibliometric aspect of Akkermansi muciniphila research in the literature and shows the hot topic terms of these articles in any period of time. Methods Scopus database was selected to retrieve documents relevant to Akkermansia muciniphila in any language up to 2019. The bibliometric profile of Akkermansia muciniphila articles including subject area, year distribution, citations, institutions, journals, authors, and countries was systematically characterized and the collaboration networks of authors and countries as well as the burst detection algorithm of the words in the titles, abstracts and keywords were visualized. Results There is a progressive growing trend in research on Akkermansia from 2004 to 2019 with a total of 566 articles during this period. Out of 353 original articles, there are 194 animal studies (155 studies on mice) and 112 human studies. Also, 65 various diseases were investigated in these studies. The most focused conditions are obesity (71 articles) and type2 diabetes (39 articles). The United States is the leading country on Akkermansia publications (n = 132), followed by China (n = 95). Frontiers in Microbiology is the most dominant journal with 23 Akkermansia publications. In addition, “cancer” is the hot topic of recent Akkermansia research. Conclusion Akkermansia research is of progressive interest during the last decade and the studies on this subject move towards its relationship with cancer and its promising effect on health.

scholarly journals Global Scientific Output Trend for Akkermansia muciniphila Research: A Bibliometric and Scientometric Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojat Dehghanbanadaki ◽  
Hossein Aazami ◽  
shahrbanoo keshavarz azizi raftar ◽  
Fatemeh Ashrafian ◽  
Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Scientometric Analysis ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Type2 Diabetes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Bibliometric Profile

Abstract Background: Akkermansia muciniphila is an anaerobic bacterium residing in the healthy intestinal tract of host and its quantity has a negative correlation with various host diseases. This study for the first time provides a holistic bibliometric aspect of Akkermansia muciniphila research in the literature and shows the hot topic terms of these articles in any period of time.Methods: Scopus database was selected to retrieve documents relevant to Akkermansia muciniphila in any language up to 2019. The bibliometric profile of Akkermansia muciniphila articles including subject area, year distribution, citations, institutions, journals, authors, and countries was systematically characterized and the collaboration networks of authors and countries as well as the burst detection algorithm of the words in the titles, abstracts and keywords were visualized.Results: There is a progressive growing trend in research on Akkermansia from 2004 to 2019 with a total of 566 articles during this period. Out of 353 original articles, there are 194 animal studies (155 studies on mice) and 112 human studies. Also, 65 various diseases were investigated in these studies. The most focused conditions are obesity (71 articles) and type2 diabetes (39 articles). The United States is the leading country on Akkermansia publications (n=132), followed by China (n=95). Frontiers in Microbiology is the most dominant journal with 23 Akkermansia publications. In addition, “cancer” is the hot topic of recent Akkermansia research.Conclusion: Akkermansia research is of progressive interest during the last decade and the studies on this subject move towards its relationship with cancer and its promising effect on health.

A Constant Proportion in Protein Structure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Lobo-Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Protein Structure ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Protein Size ◽  
Protein Prediction ◽  
Quality Check ◽  
First Time ◽  
Secondary Structure Composition

The principles governing protein structure are largely unknown. Here, a structural proportion universal (R2 = 0.978) among proteins is reported. The model variance is shown to be independent from protein size, secondary structure composition, compactness or relative surface area. The structural characteristic under study --named here QUILLO-- quantifies residue-type spatial clustering. In this way, polar, hydrophobic, acidic and basic residues are evaluated individually and their values added up. For the analysis, all X-Ray currently determined structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank were studied. The QUILLO proportion offers for the first time an a priori protein prediction quality-check. Indeed, predictions with unexpected proportion values correspond to low ranks in the CASP12 experiment. The reason behind a specific, constant rule for protein folding remains unknown.

scholarly journals Global Scientific Output Trend for Akkermansia muciniphila Research: A Bibliometric and Scientometric Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojat Dehghanbanadaki ◽  
Hossein Aazami ◽  
Shahrbanoo Keshavarz Azizi Raftar ◽  
Fatemeh Ashrafian ◽  
Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Scientometric Analysis ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Type2 Diabetes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Bibliometric Profile

Abstract Background Akkermansia muciniphila is an anaerobic bacterium residing in the healthy intestinal tract of host and its quantity has a negative correlation with various host diseases. This study for the first time provides a holistic bibliometric aspect of Akkermansia research in the literature and shows the hot topic terms of these articles in any period of time. Methods Scopus database was selected to retrieve documents relevant to Akkermansia in any language up to 2018. The bibliometric profile of Akkermansia articles including subject area, year distribution, citations, institutions, journals, authors, and countries was systematically characterized and the collaboration networks of authors and countries as well as the burst detection algorithm of the words in the titles, abstracts and keywords were visualized. Results There is a progressive growing trend in research on Akkermansia from 2004 to 2018 with a total of 668 articles during this period. Out of 518 original articles, there are 301 animal studies (222 studies on mice) and 150 human studies. Also, 65 various diseases were investigated in these studies. The most focused conditions are obesity (71 articles) and type2 diabetes (39 articles). The United States is the leading country on Akkermansia publications (n=184), followed by China (n=156). PLoS ONE is the most dominant journal with 34 Akkermansia publications. In addition, “cancer” is the hot topic of recent Akkermansia research. Conclusion Akkermansia research is of progressive interest during the last decade and the studies on this subject move towards its relationship with cancer and its promising effect on health.

scholarly journals SCT: a suite of programs for comparing atomistic models with small-angle scattering data

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 953-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Wright ◽  
Stephen J. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Scattering Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Angle Scattering ◽  
Atomistic Models ◽  
First Time ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Theoretical Scattering

Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering techniques characterize proteins in solution and complement high-resolution structural studies. They are of particular utility when large proteins cannot be crystallized or when the structure is altered by solution conditions. Atomistic models of the averaged structure can be generated through constrained modelling, a technique in which known domain or subunit structures are combined with linker models to produce candidate global conformations. By randomizing the configuration adopted by the different elements of the model, thousands of candidate structures are produced. Next, theoretical scattering curves are generated for each model for trial-and-error fits to the experimental data. From these, a small family of best-fit models is identified. In order to facilitate both the computation of theoretical scattering curves from atomistic models and their comparison with experiment, theSCTsuite of tools was developed.SCTalso includes programs that provide sequence-based estimates of protein volume (either incorporating hydration or not) and add a hydration layer to models for X-ray scattering modelling. The originalSCTsoftware, written in Fortran, resulted in the first atomistic scattering structures to be deposited in the Protein Data Bank, and 77 structures for antibodies, complement proteins and anionic oligosaccharides were determined between 1998 and 2014. For the first time, this software is publicly available, alongside an easier-to-use reimplementation of the same algorithms in Python. Both versions ofSCThave been released as open-source software under the Apache 2 license and are available for download from https://github.com/dww100/sct.

scholarly journals Global Scientific Output Trend for Akkermansia muciniphila Research: A Bibliometric and Scientometric Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojat Dehghanbanadaki ◽  
Hossein Aazami ◽  
shahrbanoo keshavarz azizi raftar ◽  
Fatemeh Ashrafian ◽  
Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Scientometric Analysis ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Type2 Diabetes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Bibliometric Profile

Abstract Background Akkermansia muciniphila is an anaerobic bacterium residing in the healthy intestinal tract of host and its quantity has a negative correlation with various host diseases. This study for the first time provides a holistic bibliometric aspect of Akkermansia research in the literature and shows the hot topic terms of these articles in any period of time. Methods Scopus database was selected to retrieve documents relevant to Akkermansia in any language up to 2018. The bibliometric profile of Akkermansia articles including subject area, year distribution, citations, institutions, journals, authors, and countries was systematically characterized and the collaboration networks of authors and countries as well as the burst detection algorithm of the words in the titles, abstracts and keywords were visualized. Results There is a progressive growing trend in research on Akkermansia from 2004 to 2018 with a total of 668 articles during this period. Out of 518 original articles, there are 301 animal studies (222 studies on mice) and 150 human studies. Also, 65 various diseases were investigated in these studies. The most focused conditions are obesity (71 articles) and type2 diabetes (39 articles). The United States is the leading country on Akkermansia publications (n=184), followed by China (n=156). PLoS ONE is the most dominant journal with 34 Akkermansia publications. In addition, “cancer” is the hot topic of recent Akkermansia research. Conclusion Akkermansia research is of progressive interest during the last decade and the studies on this subject move towards its relationship with cancer and its promising effect on health.

scholarly journals Global Scientific Output Trend for Akkermansia muciniphila Research: A Bibliometric and Scientometric Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojat Dehghanbanadaki ◽  
Hossein Aazami ◽  
shahrbanoo keshavarz azizi raftar ◽  
Fatemeh Ashrafian ◽  
Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Scientometric Analysis ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Type2 Diabetes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Bibliometric Profile

Abstract Background: Akkermansia muciniphila is an anaerobic bacterium residing in the healthy intestinal tract of host and its quantity has a negative correlation with various host diseases. This study for the first time provides a holistic bibliometric aspect of Akkermansia muciniphila research in the literature and shows the hot topic terms of these articles in any period of time.Methods: Scopus database was selected to retrieve documents relevant to Akkermansia muciniphila in any language up to 2019. The bibliometric profile of Akkermansia muciniphila articles including subject area, year distribution, citations, institutions, journals, authors, and countries was systematically characterized and the collaboration networks of authors and countries as well as the burst detection algorithm of the words in the titles, abstracts and keywords were visualized.Results: There is a progressive growing trend in research on Akkermansia from 2004 to 2019 with a total of 566 articles during this period. Out of 353 original articles, there are 194 animal studies (155 studies on mice) and 112 human studies. Also, 65 various diseases were investigated in these studies. The most focused conditions are obesity (71 articles) and type2 diabetes (39 articles). The United States is the leading country on Akkermansia publications (n=132), followed by China (n=95). Frontiers in Microbiology is the most dominant journal with 23 Akkermansia publications. In addition, “cancer” is the hot topic of recent Akkermansia research.Conclusion: Akkermansia research is of progressive interest during the last decade and the studies on this subject move towards its relationship with cancer and its promising effect on health.

Divergence in the epidemiological estimates of traumatic brain injury in the United States: comparison of two national databases

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Brittany M. Stopa ◽  
Maya Harary ◽  
Ray Jhun ◽  
Arun Job ◽  
Saef Izzy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Weighted Estimates ◽  
True Incidence ◽  
Ed Visits

OBJECTIVETraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US, but the true incidence of TBI is unknown.METHODSThe National Trauma Data Bank National Sample Program (NTDB NSP) was queried for 2007 and 2013, and population-based weighted estimates of TBI-related emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and deaths were calculated. These data were compared to the 2017 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report on TBI, which used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s National (“Nationwide” before 2012) Inpatient Sample and National Emergency Department Sample.RESULTSIn the NTDB NSP the incidence of TBI-related ED visits was 59/100,000 in 2007 and 62/100,000 in 2013. However, in the CDC report there were 534/100,000 in 2007 and 787/100,000 in 2013. The CDC estimate for ED visits was 805% higher in 2007 and 1169% higher in 2013. In the NTDB NSP, the incidence of TBI-related deaths was 5/100,000 in 2007 and 4/100,000 in 2013. In the CDC report, the incidence was 18/100,000 in both years. The CDC estimate for deaths was 260% higher in 2007 and 325% higher in 2013.CONCLUSIONSThe databases disagreed widely in their weighted estimates of TBI incidence: CDC estimates were consistently higher than NTDB NSP estimates, by an average of 448%. Although such a discrepancy may be intuitive, this is the first study to quantify the magnitude of disagreement between these databases. Given that research, funding, and policy decisions are made based on these estimates, there is a need for a more accurate estimate of the true national incidence of TBI.

Diphosphinoazine Rhodium(I) and Iridium(I) Complexes

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Pošta ◽  
Jan Čermák ◽  
Pavel Vojtíšek ◽  
Ivana Císařová
Keyword(s):  
Rhodium Complexes ◽  
Iridium Complexes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Time

The first rhodium complexes of diphosphinoazines [{RhCl(1,2-η:5,6-η-CH=CHCH2CH2CH=CHCH2CH2)}2 {μ-R2PCH2C(But)=NN=C(But)CH2PR2] (R = Ph, Cy, Pri) were prepared by cleavage of the bridge in chloro(cycloocta-1,5-diene)rhodium(I) dimer, the analogous iridium(I) complexes were also prepared for the first time. The X-ray structures of isostructural rhodium and iridium complexes with bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)pinacoloneazine were determined. Diphosphinoazine ligands in the complexes remained in (Z,Z) configuration bridging two RhCl(C8H12) units.

The End of Empire and the Search for Justice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Linarelli ◽  
Margot E Salomon ◽  
Muthucumaraswamy Sornarajah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Economic ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Economic Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Order ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Neoliberal Ideology ◽  
First Time

This chapter is a study of the themes of the New International Economic Order (NIEO). It begins with the notion of justice that had been constructed in imperial law to justify empire and colonialism. The NIEO was the first time a prescription was made for justice in a global context not based on domination of one people over another. In its consideration of the emergence of a new notion of justice in international law, the chapter discusses the reasons for the origins of the NIEO, and goes on to describe the principles of the NIEO and the extent to which they came into conflict with dominant international law as accepted by the United States and European states. Next the chapter deals with the rise of the neoliberal ideology that led to the displacement of the NIEO and examines the issue of whether the NIEO and its ideals have passed or whether they continue to be or should be influential in international law. Finally, the chapter turns to the ideas of the NIEO alongside new efforts at promoting a fuller account of justice by which to justify and evaluate international law.

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