Life habit and enrolment in Calymenacea (Trilobita) and their significance for classification

W. Hammann

doi:10.1017/s026359330001052x

Life habit and enrolment in Calymenacea (Trilobita) and their significance for classification

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s026359330001052x ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 76 (2-3) ◽

pp. 307-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

W. Hammann

Keyword(s):

Functional Analysis ◽

Filter Feeder ◽

Life Habit ◽

Behavioural Patterns

ABSTRACTThe life habit of Neseuretus is reconstructed on the basis of functional analysis and compared with that of other Calymenacea. Neseuretus, like all Calymenidae, was probably a filter feeder, burrowing downward into the sediment, where it rested hidden in a U-shaped attitude. Homalonotidae developed frontal burrowing and Bathycheilidae probably lived on the sediment. These calymenid families have different enrolment and behavioural patterns. Enrolment structures are developed, analysis of which leads to an understanding of phylogeny. Bathycheilidae maintained an unspecialised spiral enrolment. Flexicalymeninae and Calymeninae developed an advanced spiral enrolment, while a pseudosphaeroidal enrolment was achieved along independent lines in Kerfornellinae and Homalonotidae.

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The scleritome of Paterimitra : an Early Cambrian stem group brachiopod from South Australia

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2008.1655 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 276 (1662) ◽

pp. 1651-1656 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Christian B Skovsted ◽

Lars E Holmer ◽

Cecilia M Larsson ◽

Anette E.S Högström ◽

Glenn A Brock ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anterior Margin ◽

South Australia ◽

Early Cambrian ◽

Filter Feeding ◽

Filter Feeder ◽

Open Cone ◽

Life Habit ◽

Stem Group ◽

Hard Substrates

Early Cambrian tommotiids are problematic fossil metazoans with external organophosphatic sclerites that have been considered to be basal members of the lophophorate stem group. Tommotiids are almost exclusively known from isolated or rarely fused individual sclerites, which made previous reconstructions of the actual organism highly conjectural. However, the recent discovery of the first articulated specimens of the tommotiid Eccentrotheca revealed a tubular sclerite arrangement (scleritome) that limited the possible life habit to sessile filter feeding and thus further supported a lophophorate affinity. Here, we report the first articulated specimens of a second tommotiid taxon, Paterimitra from the Early Cambrian of the Arrowie Basin, South Australia. Articulated specimens of Paterimitra are composed of two bilaterally symmetrical sclerite types and an unresolved number of small, asymmetrical and irregular crescent-shaped sclerites that attached to the anterior margin of the symmetrical sclerites. Together, the sclerites form an open cone in which the symmetrical sclerites are joined together and form a small posterior opening near the base of the scleritome, while the irregular crescent-shaped sclerites defined a broad anterior opening. The coniform scleritome of Paterimitra is interpreted to have attached to hard substrates via a pedicle that emerged through the small posterior opening (sometimes forming a tube) and was probably a sessile filter feeder. The scleritome of Paterimitra can be derived from the tubular scleritome of Eccentrotheca by modification of basal sclerites and reduction in tube height, and probably represents a more derived member of the brachiopod stem group with the paired symmetrical sclerites possibly homologous to brachiopod valves.

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Clinical Issues: What’s in a Word? A Functional Analysis of Word Learning

Perspectives on Language Learning and Education ◽

10.1044/lle12.3.4 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 4-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Prahlad Gupta

Keyword(s):

Functional Analysis ◽

Word Learning ◽

Clinical Issues

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Review for "High‐throughput single‐cell sequencing of paired TCRα and TCRβ genes for the direct expression‐cloning and functional analysis of murine T cell receptors"

10.1002/eji.201848030/v1/review1 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Functional Analysis ◽

T Cell ◽

Single Cell ◽

High Throughput ◽

T Cell Receptors ◽

Expression Cloning ◽

Cell Receptors ◽

Single Cell Sequencing

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Case Formulation and Design of Behavioral Treatment Programs

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027//1015-5759.19.3.164 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 164-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Stephen N. Haynes ◽

Andrew E. Williams

Keyword(s):

Functional Analysis ◽

Behavior Problems ◽

Behavioral Treatment ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Relative Magnitude ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Treatment Programs ◽

Case Formulation ◽

Functional Relations ◽

Causal Variables

Summary: We review the rationale for behavioral clinical case formulations and emphasize the role of the functional analysis in the design of individualized treatments. Standardized treatments may not be optimally effective for clients who have multiple behavior problems. These problems can affect each other in complex ways and each behavior problem can be influenced by multiple, interacting causal variables. The mechanisms of action of standardized treatments may not always address the most important causal variables for a client's behavior problems. The functional analysis integrates judgments about the client's behavior problems, important causal variables, and functional relations among variables. The functional analysis aids treatment decisions by helping the clinician estimate the relative magnitude of effect of each causal variable on the client's behavior problems, so that the most effective treatments can be selected. The parameters of, and issues associated with, a functional analysis and Functional Analytic Clinical Case Models (FACCM) are illustrated with a clinical case. The task of selecting the best treatment for a client is complicated because treatments differ in their level of specificity and have unequally weighted mechanisms of action. Further, a treatment's mechanism of action is often unknown.

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