scholarly journals Evolutionary mechanisms of choice: Hayekian perspectives on neurophilosophical foundations of neuroeconomics

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Carsten Herrmann-Pillath
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Behavioural Economics ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Seminal Contribution ◽  
Psychology And Economics

Abstract Hayek’s seminal contribution to theoretical neurosciences, The Sensory Order (1952) remains neglected in current efforts at integrating the neurosciences, psychology and economics. I defend the view that Hayek presents the case for an evolutionary alternative to leading paradigms in the field and look at two in more detail: the good-based model in neuroeconomics and the dual systems approach in behavioural economics. In both cases, essential Hayekian insights remain valid in the context of modern neuroscience, allow for taking account of recent research, and sketch a dynamic and selectionist model of choice.

scholarly journals From dual systems to dual function: rethinking methodological foundations of behavioural economics

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Herrmann-Pillath
Keyword(s):  
Computational Neuroscience ◽  
Behavioural Economics ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Relative Speed ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Mechanistic Explanations ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Methodological Assessment ◽  
Dual Functions

AbstractBuilding on an overview of dual systems theories in behavioural economics, the paper presents a methodological assessment in terms of the mechanistic explanations framework that has gained prominence in philosophy of the neurosciences. I conclude that they fail to meet the standards of causal explanations and I suggest an alternative ‘dual functions’ view based on Marr’s methodology of computational neuroscience. Recent psychological and neuroscience research undermines the case for a categorization of brain processes in terms of properties such as relative speed. I defend an interpretation of dualities as functional, without assigning them to specific neurophysiological structures.

Updating the dual systems model of temporal cognition: Reasoning with dynamic systems theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Hohenberger
Keyword(s):  
Systems Theory ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Dynamic Systems Theory ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
Temporal Cognition ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Two Systems

Abstract This commentary construes the relation between the two systems of temporal updating and temporal reasoning as a bifurcation and tracks it across three time scales: phylogeny, ontogeny, and microgeny. In taking a dynamic systems approach, flexibility, as mentioned by Hoerl & McCormack, is revealed as the key characteristic of human temporal cognition.

Thinking about time and number: An application of the dual-systems approach to numerical cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoline Lohse ◽  
Elena Sixtus ◽  
Jan Lonnemann
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Cognition ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
Temporal Cognition ◽  
Time Space

Abstract Based on the notion that time, space, and number are part of a generalized magnitude system, we assume that the dual-systems approach to temporal cognition also applies to numerical cognition. Referring to theoretical models of the development of numerical concepts, we propose that children's early skills in processing numbers can be described analogously to temporal updating and temporal reasoning.

Emotion in the Pursuit of Understanding

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Levine ◽  
Leonid I. Perlovsky
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Neural Network Modeling ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
Affective Component ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Level

Theories of cognitive processes, such as decision making and creative problem solving, for a long time neglected the contributions of emotion or affect in favor of analysis based on use of deliberative rules to optimize performance. Since the 1990s, emotion has increasingly been incorporated into theories of these cognitive processes. Some theorists have in fact posited a “dual-systems approach” to understanding decision making and high-level cognition. One system is fast, emotional, and intuitive, while the other is slow, rational, and deliberative. However, one’s understanding of the relevant brain regions indicate that emotional and rational processes are deeply intertwined, with each exerting major influences on the functioning of the other. Also presented in this paper are neural network modeling principles that may capture the interrelationships of emotion and cognition. The authors also review evidence that humans, and possibly other mammals, possess a “knowledge instinct,” which acts as a drive to make sense of the environment. This drive typically incorporates a strong affective component in the form of aesthetic fulfillment or dissatisfaction.

scholarly journals Drawbacks of a Dual Systems Approach to Family Firms: Can We Expand Our Thinking?

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary F. Whiteside ◽  
Fredda Herz Brown
Keyword(s):  
Family Firms ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Family Firm ◽  
Dual System ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
Interpersonal Dynamics ◽  
Single Entity ◽  
The Family ◽  
System Characteristics

Conceptualizing the family firm as a dual system with properties of both the family and the business has prevented the field from fully examining the nature of these firms and has biased our observations and interventions. Too narrow a focus on the contribution of subsystems leads to a stereotyping of subsystem functioning, inconsistent and inadequate analysis of interpersonal dynamics, exaggerated notions of subsystem boundaries, and an underanalysis of whole system characteristics. Each of these drawbacks is discussed, and a beginning view of the family firm as a single entity is presented.

The Differential Relationship between Self-Control and Peer Influences over Time: Toward an Integrative Model of Offending Using a Dual-Systems Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 001112872097744
Author(s):  
Ha-Neul Yim
Keyword(s):  
Peer Influence ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Deviant Peers ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
Systems Framework

The purpose of this study is to explore an alternative approach to unravel how both self-control and peer influence relate to offending. Deriving from a dual-systems framework, this study hypothesizes that individuals with varying levels of self-control will be differentially susceptible to the effects of both exposure to deviant peers and informal socializing with peers. Analyses are based on a sample of serious youthful offenders from the Pathways to Desistance Study. The results indicate that exposure to deviant peers has a stronger impact on offending for individuals with higher self-control, consistent with the hypothesis. However, individuals with higher self-control are more vulnerable to unstructured and unsupervised socializing with peers than those lower in self-control, which counters the hypothesis.

Problems with the dual-systems approach to temporal cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Melnikoff ◽  
John A. Bargh
Keyword(s):  
System Approach ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Single System ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
Temporal Cognition

Abstract Contrary to Hoerl & McCormack (H&M), we argue that the best account of temporal cognition in humans is one in which a single system becomes capable of representing time. We suggest that H&M's own evidence for dual systems of temporal cognition – simultaneous contradictory beliefs – does not recommend dual systems, and that the single system approach is more plausible.

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