systems framework
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2022 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Stuart Hargreaves

Abstract Typically one member of a sitting panel of Hong Kong's Court of Final Appeal is a senior jurist drawn from another common law jurisdiction. In the Court's early years, these ‘overseas judges’ were responsible for writing approximately one quarter of the lead opinions across a vast range of cases. This article demonstrates, however, that this practice has changed. The overseas judges now write a smaller share of lead opinions and no longer write lead opinions related to issues of fundamental human rights or the relationship between Hong Kong and the rest of China. This article suggests this change has been made for good reason. Though valid questions about the legitimacy of the role of the overseas judges can be made, they also continue to perform a valuable communicative role regarding the status of Hong Kong's judicial independence under the ‘one country, two systems’ framework. A recent rise in attacks on overseas and other ‘foreign’ judges in Hong Kong can be understood as part of a broader project that seeks to constrain the role of the independent judiciary. By continuing to invite overseas judges to sit on the Court of Final Appeal but reducing their public prominence, the Court has sought not only to reduce avenues for attacks on the legitimacy of particular decisions, but to protect the autonomy and independence of the judiciary more broadly.


2022 ◽  
pp. 156-170
Author(s):  
Yanamandra Ramakrishna

There has been an increasing awareness about implementation of quality management systems (QMS) in higher educational institutions worldwide in the recent past. Improved awareness levels among aspiring students, competitive environment, students' preference to seek admission in quality-oriented institutions, compelling norms of regulatory authorities, and the urge of institutions to be among the top are the major reasons for this increased awareness. Existence and continuance of some of the institutes, especially the management institutes, has become a challenging task without focusing on QMS through a strategic approach. Implementation of QMS provides a direction for accreditations by top-rated agencies. This chapter develops a framework to enable the implementation of QMS by the management institutes by conducting a systematic analysis of accreditation standards of various agencies worldwide. The outcomes of this research would enable the management and other stakeholders of business management institutes to focus on key aspects towards implementing the QMS.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Marazzi ◽  
Milan Shah ◽  
Shreedula Balakrishnan ◽  
Ananya Patil ◽  
Paola Vera-Licona

The search for effective therapeutic targets in fields like regenerative medicine and cancer research has generated interest in cell fate reprogramming. This cellular reprogramming paradigm can drive cells to a desired target state from any initial state. However, methods for identifying reprogramming targets remain limited for biological systems that lack large sets of experimental data or a dynamical characterization. We present NETISCE, a novel computational tool for identifying cell fate reprogramming targets in static networks. NETISCE identifies reprogramming targets through the innovative use of control theory within a dynamical systems framework. Through validations in studies of cell fate reprogramming from developmental, stem cell, and cancer biology, we show that NETISCE can predict previously identified cell fate reprogramming targets and identify potentially novel combinations of targets. NETISCE extends cell fate reprogramming studies to larger-scale biological networks without the need for full model parameterization and can be implemented by experimental and computational biologists to identify parts of a biological system that are relevant for the desired reprogramming task.


2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-91
Author(s):  
Ann E. Fronczek

The COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in a new era for nurses and healthcare. King’s conceptual framework continues to provide a practical theoretical underpinning for nurse-client interactions in virtual care spaces that are now a pervasive part of the interacting systems framework. The author in this article discusses the current applications and future opportunities for applications of King’s work in practice, education, and research.


Author(s):  
Md Rokonuzzaman ◽  
Bimal Kumar Pramanik ◽  
Md Zafor Sadique ◽  
Md Borak Ali

Decisions and actions in an ill-structured situation often include high-time constraints, lack of information, and poor cognitive efforts. Obtaining the necessary information through an information systems tool is supposed to be the best solution in such situations. To expose the decision situation, this study has taken the fire and civil defense service as the field of study. In exploring the required information resources, elements of the system architecture, and suitability of the proposed system in the current field, this study has resorted to the qualitative approach. To assess the dependability and performance of the systems, this study has used the RAS metrics and a black-box test. The result showed that the reliability stood within 62.70–70.00%, and its availability stood at 99.00% with a downtime of 3.65 days/year from a three-month study. As per the black-box test with standard 4G network connection, the system takes an average loading time of 1.00s for alphanumeric contents, 3.50s for images and graphics, and 5.50s for loading maps and navigations. This research evidenced that, the local emergency response and rescue units in developing countries like Bangladesh might want to use a well-designed response support system for improved acquisition, dissemination, and utilization of response information.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyd Novak

<p>This article develops a theory integrating psychological safety and psychological availability within the context of human resource development (HRD) objectives. While research on psychological safety, a willingness to take an interpersonal risk, has blossomed over the past two decades, no theoretical modeling has been offered with links to psychological availability as originally proposed by Kahn (1990). Through the employment of Dubin's (1969) theory-building method, this article develops the integration of psychological safety and psychological availability with a systems framework. A literature review is conducted to define and assess the proposed operational units within the theoretical model focused on inputs, mediating processes, outputs, and feedback input. Implicit voice is proposed as a feedback input that attempts to assess the role of an individual’s prior experiences in the system process. Dubin's (1969) remaining steps for theory construction are completed, up to the point of empirical research. Finally, implications of research, theory, and practice within the field of HRD are examined.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyd Novak

<p>This article develops a theory integrating psychological safety and psychological availability within the context of human resource development (HRD) objectives. While research on psychological safety, a willingness to take an interpersonal risk, has blossomed over the past two decades, no theoretical modeling has been offered with links to psychological availability as originally proposed by Kahn (1990). Through the employment of Dubin's (1969) theory-building method, this article develops the integration of psychological safety and psychological availability with a systems framework. A literature review is conducted to define and assess the proposed operational units within the theoretical model focused on inputs, mediating processes, outputs, and feedback input. Implicit voice is proposed as a feedback input that attempts to assess the role of an individual’s prior experiences in the system process. Dubin's (1969) remaining steps for theory construction are completed, up to the point of empirical research. Finally, implications of research, theory, and practice within the field of HRD are examined.</p>


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Brenda L. Volling ◽  
Wonjung Oh ◽  
Richard Gonzalez ◽  
Lauren R. Bader ◽  
Lin Tan ◽  
...  

Abstract Changes in children’s attachment security to mother and father were examined for 230 firstborn children (M = 31.17 months), their mothers and fathers participating in a longitudinal investigation starting in the last trimester of the mothers’ pregnancy and 1, 4, 8, and 12 months after the birth of an infant sibling. Both parents completed the Attachment Q-set at prenatal, 4, and 12 months. Growth mixture models revealed four latent classes in which children’s attachments were (a) both secure with a modest decline to both parents (68.3%); (b) more secure with father than mother with a steep decline for both (12.6%); (c) both insecure with no change (10%); and (d) more secure with mother than father with a modest increase for both (9.1%). Multi-group latent growth curve analyses revealed that parenting and coparenting differed across families. Children had lower externalizing behavior problems in families with two secure attachments than in families with one secure attachment, either to mother or to father, who, in turn, had fewer problems than children with two insecure attachments. Findings underscore the strengths of a family systems framework to understand attachment relationships with multiple caregivers and the family risks and protective factors that covary with children’s behavioral adjustment after the birth of a sibling.


2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (50) ◽  
pp. e2102154118
Author(s):  
Samuel S.-H. Wang ◽  
Jonathan Cervas ◽  
Bernard Grofman ◽  
Keena Lipsitz

Democracy often fails to meet its ideals, and these failures may be made worse by electoral institutions. Unwanted outcomes include elite polarization, unresponsive representatives, and the ability of a faction of voters to gain power at the expense of the majority. Various reforms have been proposed to address these problems, but their effectiveness is difficult to predict against a backdrop of complex interactions. Here we outline a path for systems-level modeling to help understand and optimize repairs to US democracy. Following the tradition of engineering and biology, models of systems include mechanisms with dynamical properties that include nonlinearities and amplification (voting rules), positive feedback mechanisms (single-party control, gerrymandering), negative feedback (checks and balances), integration over time (lifetime judicial appointments), and low dimensionality (polarization). To illustrate a systems-level approach, we analyze three emergent phenomena: low dimensionality, elite polarization, and antimajoritarianism in legislatures. In each case, long-standing rules now contribute to undesirable outcomes as a consequence of changes in the political environment. Theoretical understanding at a general level will also help evaluate whether a proposed reform’s benefits will materialize and be lasting, especially as conditions change again. In this way, rigorous modeling may not only shape new lines of research but aid in the design of effective and lasting reform.


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