Rotational Specific Heat and Rotational Entropy of Simple Gases at Moderate Temperatures

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. B. M. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Specific Heat ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Planck’S Constant ◽  
Diatomic Gas ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Planck's Constant

It is well known that the rotational specific heat of a diatomic gas is given bywhere R is the gas constant, σ = h2/8π2AKT, h is Planck's constant, T is the absolute temperature, K is Boltzmann's constant, and A is the moment of inertia of the molecule.

The specific heats of three paramagnetic salts at very low temperatures

1956 ◽  
Vol 237 (1210) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Heat ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Magnesium Nitrate ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Ammonium Alum ◽  
Relaxation Measurements ◽  
Ferric Ammonium ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Measured Specific Heat

The specific heats of three paramagnetic salts, neodymium magnesium nitrate, manganous ammonium sulphate and ferric ammonium alum, have been measured at temperatures below 1°K using the method of γ -ray heating. The temperature measurements were made in the first instance in terms of the magnetic susceptibilities of the salts, the relation of the susceptibility to the absolute temperature having been determined for each salt in earlier experiments. The γ -ray heatings gave the specific heat in arbitrary units. The absolute values of the specific heats were found by extrapolating the results of paramagnetic relaxation measurements at higher temperatures. The measured specific heat of neodymium magnesium nitrate is compared with the value calculated from paramagnetic resonance data, and good agreement is found.

The nuclear specific heat in paramagnetic cupric salts at temperatures below 1° K I. Thermodynamic measurements made from a study of the field-dependence of the adiabatic susceptibility

1950 ◽  
Vol 203 (1074) ◽  
pp. 375-391 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Potassium Sulphate ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Magnetic Cooling ◽  
Thermodynamic Measurements ◽  
Small Fields ◽  
The Absolute

Thermodynamic measurements have been made at temperatures below 1°K, obtained by the method of magnetic cooling, on copper potassium sulphate and on a diluted copper Tutton salt. A study has been made of the field- dependence (for small fields) of the adiabatic susceptibility of the cooled and thermally isolated salt, the measurements covering the range of temperature from 1°K down to 0.05°K for copper potassium sulphate, and to 0.025° K for the dilute salt. From these measurements the entropy and magnetic susceptibility are determined as functions of the absolute temperature. It is concluded that for both salts the susceptibility follows a Curie-Weiss law, the values of ∆ being 0.034 and 0.0048º K respectively; the specific heats are of the form ∆ / T 2 , the values found for A being 6.1x10 -4 R for copper potassium sulphate and 1.98x10 -4 R for the dilute salt.Deviations from this behaviour in a ferromagnetic direction are found for copper potassium sulphate below 0.07° K.

scholarly journals Absolute Calibration of Stellar Temperatures

1973 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 153-155
Author(s):  
H. Kienle ◽  
D. Labs
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Energy Distribution ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Absolute Calibration ◽  
Standard Star ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Stellar Temperatures ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Radiation Laboratory

The scale of effective temperatures Teff is based on observed absolute radiation temperatures Tr, which are defined by Planck's radiation law where TAu designs the absolute temperature of the gold point. A relative scale of radiation temperatures can be derived from spectrophotometric comparisons with a standard star. The absolute calibration of the standard star (α Lyr or Sun) demands a careful comparison with a standard radiation source of well known spectral energy distribution (Black Body or Synchrotron). With ground-based observations atmospheric extinction is to be taken into account; with extraterrestrial observations detectors may be used which are absolutely calibrated in a radiation laboratory under space conditions.

Determination of the Buckling Load of Struts with Successive Approximations

1943 ◽  
Vol 47 (387) ◽  
pp. 103-105
Author(s):  
J. Ratzersdorfer
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Buckling Load ◽  
Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Successive Approximations ◽  
Method Of Successive Approximations ◽  
Exact Determination ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Image Position

In cases of tapered struts with hinged or built-in ends where the exact determination of the buckling load is complicated it may be useful to apply a method of successive approximations.Let us first consider a bar of the length l with hinged ends under the action of the compressive force P. The differential equation of the bending line becomeswhere v is the deflection at the section u, v with the moment of inertia I (u) and E is Young's modulus. At the ends of the bar the deflection v is equal to zero (Fig. I).

The Effect of a Magnetic Pole on the Energy Levels of a Hydrogen-Like Atom

1962 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Eliezer ◽  
S. K. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Electric Charge ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Magnetic Pole ◽  
Planck’S Constant ◽  
Velocity Of Light ◽  
Pole Strength ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Planck's Constant

The possible existence of a magnetic pole has been under discussion for many years. Dirac worked out in detail an electro-dynamics in which a single magnetic pole is assumed to exist (1,2). He has shown that the existence of such a pole leads naturally to the quantization of charge, the magnetic pole strength g and the electric charge e being related by the equation where p is an integer, h is Planck's constant divided by 2π, and c is the velocity of light.

Thermal properties of potassium chromic alum between 0.05 and 1°K

1950 ◽  
Vol 204 (1077) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
The Absolute

The entropy, specific heat and magnetic temperature (reciprocal of the susceptibility) of potassium chromic alum are measured as functions of the absolute temperature between 0.05 and 1° K. Their interpretation in the light of paramagnetic resonance measurements (preceding paper) is discussed.

Special relativity and thermodynamics

1969 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Georgiou
Keyword(s):  
Special Relativity ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Image Position

AbstractIt is shown that a revision is needed of certain transformation equations of the Planck–Einstein formulae. In particular it will be shown that the formulaemust be replaced bywhere T and Q are respectively the absolute temperature and heat of the system. Furthermore, it will be shown that both formulae for the energyare correct, but they refer to different cases.

The determination of intermolecular forces in gases from their viscosity

1937 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Repulsive Force ◽  
Positive Zero ◽  
Intermolecular Force ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Coefficient Of Viscosity

A method of determining the coefficient of viscosity of a gas of spherically symmetrical molecules under ordinary conditions has been given by Chapman. His result is equivalent towhere m is the mass of a molecule of the gas, T is the absolute temperature, k is Boltzmann's constant 1·372. 10−16 and ε is a small quantity which later investigations on a gas in which the intermolecular force is inversely proportional to the nth power of the distance have shown to vary from zero when n = 5 to 0·016 when n = ∞ (equivalent to molecules which are elastic spheres); it may reasonably be supposed that ε is positive and less than 0·016 in all cases which are likely to be of interest, and it will be neglected in this paper. Alsoπ(r) being the mutual potential energy of two molecules (that is, the repulsive force between them is − ∂π/∂r), and r0 the positive zero of the expression in the denominator, or the largest such positive zero if there are several.

Temperature-dependent Specific Heats of Dry Soil Materials

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Kay ◽  
J. B. Goit
Keyword(s):  
Specific Heat ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Proportionality Constant ◽  
Single Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
The Absolute

Specific heat measurements have been made on several soil materials at different temperatures in order to obtain a generalized functional relation between specific heat and temperature. Specific heats were found to vary linearly with temperature from 200 to 300 °K (−73 °C to + 27 °C) and extrapolated close to zero at 0 °K. Consequently, the functional relation between specific heat and temperature for soil materials may be approximated as Cp = mT where Cp is the specific heat, T is the absolute temperature (°K), and m is a proportionality constant. Such a relation permits the prediction of the specific heats at any temperature normally encountered in the field once reliable specific heats have been determined at a single temperature.

Asymptotic expansions of the expressions for the partition function and the rotational specific heat of a rigid polyatomic molecule for high temperatures

1933 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene E. Viney
Keyword(s):  
Partition Function ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Asymptotic Expansions ◽  
Polyatomic Molecule ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Perfect Gas ◽  
Image Position

The partition function F(θ) is of fundamental importance in the theory of the specific heat of gases. Once it is known, the rotational specific heat of a perfect gas is given bywhere R is the gram-molecular gas constant, and θ bears the relationto the absolute temperature T, k being Boltzmann's constant.

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