Half-eigenvalues of elliptic operators

Suppose that L is a second-order self-adjoint elliptic partial differential operator on a bounded domain Ω ⊂ Rn, n ≥ 2, and a, b ∈ L∞(Ω). If the equation Lu = au+ − bu− + λu (where λ ∈ R and u±(x) = max{±u(x), 0}) has a non-trivial solution u, then λ is said to be a half-eigenvalue of (L; a, b). In this paper, we obtain some general properties of the half-eigenvalues of (L; a, b) and also show that, generically, the half-eigenvalues are ‘simple’.We also consider the semilinear problem where f : Ω × R → R is a Carathéodory function such that, for a.e. x ∈ Ω, and we relate the solvability properties of this problem to the location of the half-eigenvalues of (L; a, b).