Oxen trade from the fifteenth century to the beginning of the seventeenth century and its relations with the environment and space – case study of Greater Poland

The paper focuses on the interrelations between the environment, urban space, and oxen trade. On the basis of sources from the region of Greater Poland, it discusses particular conditions of trade in livestock (routes, pace of driving the animals, the need to feed and give water to the oxen). It also points to thus far ignored issues connected with indispensable adaptation of the urban space to the needs of the large-scale oxen trade which flourished during fairs taking place in various towns and emphasises the necessity to carry out further research in this regard.

Micro-Bioreactors in Space: Case Study of a Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Bioreactor With a Non-Invasive Monitoring Method

Bioreactors in space have applications from basic science to microbial factories. Monitoring bioreactors in microgravity has challenges with respect to fluidics, aeration, sensor size, sample volume and disturbance of medium and cultures. We present a case study of the development of small bioreactors and a non-invasive method to monitor dissolved oxygen, pH, and biomass of yeast cultures. Two different bioreactor configurations were tested for system volumes of 60 ml and 10.5 ml. For both configurations, the PreSens SFR vario, an optical sensor array, collected data autonomously. Oxygen and pH in the cultures were monitored using chemically doped spots, 7 mm in diameter, that were fixed to the bottom of sampling chambers. Spots emitted a fluorescent signal for DO and pH when reacted with oxygen molecules and hydrogen ions, respectively. Biomass was sensed using light reflectance at centered at 605 nm. The, optical array had three light detectors, one for each variable, that returned signals that were pre- and post-calibrated. For heterotrophic cultures requiring oxygen and respiring carbon dioxide, a hollow fiber filter, in-line with the optical array, oxygenated cells and remove carbon dioxide. This provided oxygen levels that were sufficient to maintain aerobic respiration for steady state conditions. Time series of yeast metabolism in the two bioreactors are compared and discussed. The bioreactor configurations can be easily be modified for autotrophic cultures such that carbon dioxide is enhanced and oxygen removed, which would be required for photosynthetic algal cultures.

Social Mix, A Living Together Through Public Space: Case Study

This article proposes the study of social mix evolution of through the public space. To that end, attention is focused on the “Frères Fisli” neighbourhood in Azzaba city as a case study. A social space, which, is considered as an adequate place, that promotes social mix and living together between Algerian inhabitants of different types of habitat that exist. The main objective of this article is to quantify the impact of public spaces to achieve the goal of social mix and its management, in order to promote living together. In order to carry out our survey, the study uses two survey tools: the mind map and the questionnaire. The choice of these two tools is not fortuitous. It has been studied in order to carefully check whether the constraints for the public space development are dependent on the evolution of inhabitants ‘social relations. Received: 21 September 2021 / Accepted: 15 November 2021 / Published: 3 January 2022

Living in this space: Case studies of children's lived experiences in four spatially diverse early childhood centres

<p>Consistent with international trends, many children in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) spend the majority of their waking day in an early childhood centre [ECE]. Drawing on children’s and teachers’ perspectives in four spatially diverse, all-day ECE centres in NZ, this study investigated the relationship between ECE centre built environments and children’s lived experiences in light of characteristics of ‘child-friendly’ environments (Chatterjee 2005, Kennedy, 1991). Situated at the intersection of children’s geography and childhood sociology, this thesis used case-study methodology to foreground the experiential aspects of children’s spatial interactions, including their feelings of wellbeing and privacy, their mobility and social interactions. Conceptually, this study draws on a constructionist paradigm derived from Lefebvre’s (1991) theorisation of space as a product of the social-material relations, and from his notion of rhythmanalysis (2004); combining the two Lefebvrian concepts with Gibson’s (1979) theory of affordances provides a novel approach for understanding the agency of children and teachers in the process of the production of space. Research strategies were primarily ethnographic and included naturalistic observation, video records, child-led tours, photography, bookmaking, spatial mapping, focus groups, and measurement of noise levels. The findings revealed that space and its materiality matters for children’s lived experiences as well as for children’s and teachers’ agency. Opportunities for child-friendly lived experiences were influenced by the extent to which diverse rhythms and activities could coexist harmoniously in each physical space, with larger and more complex spaces offering greater affordances. The size of each centre’s activity space added a layer of dynamics to spatiality by narrowing or expanding these opportunities. Additionally, open-plan space afforded highly mobile younger children opportunities to exercise agency through collaboration. The rules and norms that governed children’s spatial practices were influenced by teachers' decisions and actions and these were enabled or constrained by spatial affordances. My findings suggest that, in addition to the ‘iron triangle’ of adult:child ratios, group size, and qualifications, space is an affordance that can create the conditions for quality practices, rich lived experiences, and teachers’ and children’s agency. A number of theoretical, conceptual and empirical contributions are made to our understandings of young children’s lives in group based ECE settings.</p>

Living in this space: Case studies of children's lived experiences in four spatially diverse early childhood centres

<p>Consistent with international trends, many children in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) spend the majority of their waking day in an early childhood centre [ECE]. Drawing on children’s and teachers’ perspectives in four spatially diverse, all-day ECE centres in NZ, this study investigated the relationship between ECE centre built environments and children’s lived experiences in light of characteristics of ‘child-friendly’ environments (Chatterjee 2005, Kennedy, 1991). Situated at the intersection of children’s geography and childhood sociology, this thesis used case-study methodology to foreground the experiential aspects of children’s spatial interactions, including their feelings of wellbeing and privacy, their mobility and social interactions. Conceptually, this study draws on a constructionist paradigm derived from Lefebvre’s (1991) theorisation of space as a product of the social-material relations, and from his notion of rhythmanalysis (2004); combining the two Lefebvrian concepts with Gibson’s (1979) theory of affordances provides a novel approach for understanding the agency of children and teachers in the process of the production of space. Research strategies were primarily ethnographic and included naturalistic observation, video records, child-led tours, photography, bookmaking, spatial mapping, focus groups, and measurement of noise levels. The findings revealed that space and its materiality matters for children’s lived experiences as well as for children’s and teachers’ agency. Opportunities for child-friendly lived experiences were influenced by the extent to which diverse rhythms and activities could coexist harmoniously in each physical space, with larger and more complex spaces offering greater affordances. The size of each centre’s activity space added a layer of dynamics to spatiality by narrowing or expanding these opportunities. Additionally, open-plan space afforded highly mobile younger children opportunities to exercise agency through collaboration. The rules and norms that governed children’s spatial practices were influenced by teachers' decisions and actions and these were enabled or constrained by spatial affordances. My findings suggest that, in addition to the ‘iron triangle’ of adult:child ratios, group size, and qualifications, space is an affordance that can create the conditions for quality practices, rich lived experiences, and teachers’ and children’s agency. A number of theoretical, conceptual and empirical contributions are made to our understandings of young children’s lives in group based ECE settings.</p>

Recurrent Solitary Fibrous Tumor in Intradural Extramedullary Space: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma (SFT/HPC) is a rare neoplasm arising from spindle cells and most commonly arising from pleura. Spinal SFT/HPC is a rare entity; hence, it is not on the top of the differential diagnosis list when a clinician faces a spinal lesion. In the review of the literature, there exist less than 50 case reports of intradural extramedullary SFT/HPC. Here, we present a 54-year-old female patient who underwent subtotal surgical excision of an intradural extramedullary spinal mass pathologically reported to be SFT/HPC and had symptomatic recurrence in the 3rd year of follow-up. Surgical intervention was unachievable and the patient was given 45 Gy to the surgical cavity followed by a 5.4 Gy boost to visible tumor with external radiotherapy. Patient reported significant relief of her symptoms. We aim to contribute to the formation of a treatment algorithm for this rare entity.

Gamification Design for Waste Problems in Public Space Case Study: Gajah Tunggal Park, Tangerang

Waste is a problem that is always faced in every major city in Indonesia. Tangerang is one of the big cities in Indonesia that also faces problems with garbage. Even though every public space in Tangerang has provided trash bins, the level of community participation in disposing of garbage in its place is still low. To increase community participation, gamification can be used. However, before the gamification is designed, it has to first know the intrinsic motivation of people wanting to dispose of garbage in its proper place so that the gamification design is effective.

Strategies for organizing and improving urban space (Case study: from Mahbas intersection to Mission intersection, Ahmad Shah Baba Mineh town)

The city is a place for human life, where all the components necessary for human life must be present in the city so that human beings can live physically and mentally in peace. The cities of Afghanistan, especially the residential town of Ahmad Shah Baba Mina, are facing many problems. The purpose of this research was to investigate the problems of this town and to provide suggestions for its improvement and organization. The method of this research is library, perception and field considerations. Targeted interviews were conducted with 12 people who were familiar with urban design and urban planning issues. The analysis was performed by SWOT technique and space arrangement. The research results show that this town is faced with challenges such as transportation problems, lack of proper sidewalks, lack of urban furniture, visual personality and identity issues, environmental challenges, lack of proper distribution of land uses, congestion in public spaces. And there are issues that have changed the physical appearance and public spaces. During this research, suggestions for setting up public transportation routes, setting up vendors and new neighborhoods for their activities, Create special bike lanes, Improving the quality of public spaces has been provided to create public activities, improve public spaces as well as promote sensory richness.

Octonionic Kerzman–Stein Operators

In this paper we consider generalized Hardy spaces in the octonionic setting associated to arbitrary Lipschitz domains where the unit normal field exists almost everywhere. First we discuss some basic properties and explain structural differences to the associative Clifford analysis setting. The non-associativity requires special attention in the definition of an appropriate inner product and hence in the definition of a generalized Szegö projection. Whenever we want to apply classical theorems from reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces we first need to switch to the consideration of real-valued inner products where the Riesz representation theorem holds. Then we introduce a generalization of the dual Cauchy transform for octonionic monogenic functions which represents the adjoint transform with respect to the real-valued inner product $$\langle \cdot , \cdot \rangle _0$$ ⟨ · , · ⟩ 0 together with an associated octonionic Kerzman–Stein operator and related kernel functions. Also in the octonionic setting, the Kerzman–Stein operator that we introduce turns out to be a compact operator. A motivation behind this approach is to find an approximative method to compute the Szegö projection of octonionic monogenic functions offering a possibility to tackle BVP in the octonions without the explicit knowledge of the octonionic Szegö kernel which is extremely difficult to determine in general. We also discuss the particular cases of the octonionic unit ball and the half-space. Finally, we relate our octonionic Kerzman–Stein operator to the Hilbert transform and particularly to the Hilbert–Riesz transform in the half-space case.