scholarly journals Chronic Stimulation of the Left Vagus Nerve: Cognitive Motor Effects

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-229 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Chronic Stimulation ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Motor Effects ◽  
Left Vagus ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT:Background:Early studies of cognitive motor control have shown deficits in complex reaction time tests of epileptic subjects. The purpose of this efficacy study was to determine whether chronic (28 months) stimulation of the left vagus nerve (VNS) to control seizures increased these deficits in 6 epileptic subjects with intractable complex partial seizures.Methods:Subjects were assessed for simple reaction time, Test A, and subsequent Tests B and C which involved more complex cognitive strategies. Tests were done pre-operatively (S1) and at intervals, 6-8 weeks (S2-S3), and at 6 month intervals (S4-S6) over a 28 month period. Data were collected and collated on an Apple II E computer (Apple, Cupertino CA. U.S.A.) and on electronic switch pad. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of covariance technique with 2 within subject factors, day, and time of day.Results:2/11 cognitive measures showed a statistically significant difference. Error rate associated with Test A (simple reaction time) significantly decreased for the factor of day (repeated visits) p = .01. For Test C, error rates decreased in the afternoon (p = .03). This test involved the subjects ability to respond quickly to one signal while simultaneously ignoring a second signal. Data analysis of the covariate showed that the effects of VNS are weak in comparison to baseline differences and the frequency of nerve stimulation negatively predicts the number of wrong errors. High frequency stimulation results showed fewer errors than low frequency stimulation T = -2.31, p = .03.Conclusion:Chronic stimulation of the left vagus nerve to control seizure activity does not impair cognitive motor control.

scholarly journals Chronic Stimulation of the Left Vagus Nerve: Cognitive Motor Effects

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-234 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Anticonvulsant Drug ◽  
Postural Instability ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Complex Partial Seizures ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Motor Effects ◽  
Left Vagus ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT:Background:Stimulation of the left vagus nerve (VNS) has been shown to control seizures in double blinded crossover studies in man. Animal studies have reported vagal afferent induced depression of nociceptive and motor reflexes which may be caused by an effect on the descending reticular system controlling spinal cord function. Anticonvulsant drug therapy may cause postural instability. The effects of VNS are assessed not only from the perspective of seizure control but also from the view of potential harm to other bodily systems. Long term (2¼ years) effects of VNS were compared to postural stability analyses.Methods:8 subjects, 2 were females, mean age 34.5 ± 8.23 SD years, with intractable complex partial seizures, taking 3 anticonvulsant drugs were assessed for postural stability in quiet standing and while moving forwards, backwards and sideways with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). Data were collected and collated using an AMTI Biomechanics immovable forceplate, Newton M.A. U.S.A. The study design was longitudinal with pre-operative baseline data collected prior to neurostimulation and at intervals post operatively.Results:4/8 balance measures showed significant changes from pre-operative values and after 2¼ years of stimulation. Area of sway (EO) in quiet standing p = .022 and total sway (EC) in the moving state p = .019 and total sway (EC) in quiet standing showed an increase in sway p = .003. Area of sway (EC) p = .004 tended to decrease. Regression analysis for frequency of stimulation showed an increase in sway with higher frequencies T = 1.99, P = .05.Conclusion:Chronic VNS does not augment postural instability.

scholarly journals Conditioning transcranial magnetic stimulation of ventral premotor cortex shortens simple reaction time

Cortex ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 322-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Zangrandi ◽  
Alessandro Mioli ◽  
Marco D'Alonzo ◽  
Domenico Formica ◽  
Giovanni Pellegrino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Ventral Premotor Cortex ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Manipulations of the Response-Stimulus Intervals as a Factor Inducing Controlled Amount of Reaction Time Intra-Individual Variability

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Paweł Krukow ◽  
Małgorzata Plechawska-Wójcik ◽  
Arkadiusz Podkowiński
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Simple Reaction Time Task ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Response Stimulus

Aggrandized fluctuations in the series of reaction times (RTs) are a very sensitive marker of neurocognitive disorders present in neuropsychiatric populations, pathological ageing and in patients with acquired brain injury. Even though it was documented that processing inconsistency founds a background of higher-order cognitive functions disturbances, there is a vast heterogeneity regarding types of task used to compute RT-related variability, which impedes determining the relationship between elementary and more complex cognitive processes. Considering the above, our goal was to develop a relatively new assessment method based on a simple reaction time paradigm, conducive to eliciting a controlled range of intra-individual variability. It was hypothesized that performance variability might be induced by manipulation of response-stimulus interval’s length and regularity. In order to verify this hypothesis, a group of 107 healthy students was tested using a series of digitalized tasks and their results were analyzed using parametric and ex-Gaussian statistics of RTs distributional markers. In general, these analyses proved that intra-individual variability might be evoked by a given type of response-stimulus interval manipulation even when it is applied to the simple reaction time task. Collected outcomes were discussed with reference to neuroscientific concepts of attentional resources and functional neural networks.

Timing of expectancy peak in simple reaction time situation

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Näätänen ◽  
V. Muranen ◽  
A. Merisalo
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction

Interhemispheric pathways in simple reaction time to lateralized light flash

1982 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.David Milner ◽  
Christopher R. Lines
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Light Flash ◽  
Simple Reaction

Reaction time and spinal excitability in a simple reaction time task

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia T. Michie ◽  
Alex M. Clarke ◽  
John D. Sinden ◽  
Leonard C.T. Glue
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Simple Reaction Time Task ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Time Task ◽  
Spinal Excitability

Postural Preparation to Making a Step: Is There a “Motor Program” for Postural Preparation?

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana M. Degani ◽  
Alessander Danna-Dos-Santos ◽  
Mark L. Latash
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Motor Program ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Single Motor ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Straight Ahead

We tested the hypothesis that a sequence of mechanical events occurs preceding a step that scales in time and magnitude as a whole in a task-specific manner, and is a reflection of a “motor program.” Young subjects made a step under three speed instructions and four tasks: stepping straight ahead, down a stair, up a stair, and over an obstacle. Larger center-of-pressure (COP) and force adjustments in the anteriorposterior direction and smaller COP and force adjustments in the mediolateral direction were seen during stepping forward and down a stair, as compared with the tasks of stepping up a stair and over an obstacle. These differences were accentuated during stepping under the simple reaction time instruction. These results speak against the hypothesis of a single motor program that would underlie postural preparation to stepping. They are more compatible with the reference configuration hypothesis of whole-body actions.

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