The Last Spanish Expulsion in Europe: Milan 1565–1597

AJS Review ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flora Cassen
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Power Struggle ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
Philip Ii Of Spain

In 1597 King Philip II of Spain expelled the Jews from Milan at the end of a thirty-year power struggle between secular and religious Italian authorities and Spanish imperial powers. These conflicts reveal that the expulsion followed less from Philip II's personal feelings about the Jews than from his approach to governing and the necessity to preserve and increase his power in Italy. They also expose the fluctuating boundaries of imperial powers in distant territories resistant to accepting them, highlighting both the extent and the limits of Spanish rule in Italy. Examined in detail and in its larger historical context, the case of Milan elucidates the mechanisms of an expulsion, foregrounding the intricate political, financial, and religious issues that led up to the last Spanish expulsion in Europe.

Three Pamphlets Concerning Father Edmund Campion, S. J.

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Tempesta
Keyword(s):  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Roman Catholicism ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Philip Ii Of Spain ◽  
Roman Catholics

Anthony Munday was a protege of John Dudley, Earl of Leicester. Leicester himself was a member of the progressive Protestant nobility in Elizabethan England, which sought to turn completely away from Rome and toward Geneva. These progressives wanted vernacular translations of great works such as the Bible and the classics. They aimed at founding an English and Protestant tradition of literature.In 1579 Philip II of Spain continued to press for an alliance with Queen Elizabeth. Elizabeth seriously considered marrying the Due d'Alencon. Such a marriage would cement ties between England and France. The leading progressives, Leicester, Walshingham and Cecil could tolerate neither one of these Roman Catholic alliances. Thus, Leicester intensified his patronage of Puritan propagandists.When the Campion controversy arose in 1581, it proved a boon to Leicester and the progressives. Here was an opportunity to garner Elizabeth's support, if they could prove that Jesuits and Roman Catholics were plotting regicide and the return of England to Roman Catholicism.Between 1581 and 1584 Munday produced a series of pamphlets designed to arouse English opinion against “popish recusants.” This essay deals with one of these pamphlets: A discoverie of Edmund Campion and his confederates, their most horrible and traiterous practices against her majestye's most royal person and realm. … In this essentially propagandistic tract, Munday equates priestly activity of the Jesuits with subversion. This equation was based upon a Parliamentary statute of 1581, which declared that priests sent from abroad to convert Englishmen were guilty of treason.

The Dutch and English conquest of South East Asia.

2021 ◽  
pp. 247-263
Author(s):  
James F. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
East India Company ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Dutch East India Company ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
East Indies ◽  
World Power ◽  
European Trade ◽  
Philip Ii Of Spain

Abstract The chapter summarizes the rise of Dutch and English empires. The Dutch path to world power was aided greatly in 1588, when a huge armada sent by Philip II of Spain to invade Protestant Elizabeth I's England was roundly defeated. This decisive defeat of the Spanish Armada greatly bolstered the confidence of the English and Dutch and encouraged them to forge their own routes to the riches of India and South East Asia. The chapter also discusses the first Dutch expeditions to the East Indies in search of spices and how Jacob Van Heemskerck's invasion started the end of the Portuguese monopoly on trade in the East Indies. The establishment of English and Dutch East India Company is also discussed. Finally, the chapter summarizes how the East India Companies affect the European Trade.

1. The History of the Practice of Strategy from Antiquity to Napoleon

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Heuser
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
European History ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
Napoleon Bonaparte ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medieval Warfare ◽  
Philip Ii Of Spain

This chapter traces the history of the practice of strategy from Antiquity to Napoleon Bonaparte. It first considers various definitions of strategy before discussing episodes of European history since Antiquity for which historians claim to have found evidence of the practice of strategy. While focusing only on Europe, the chapter covers case studies over nearly 2,500 years, ranging from the wars of Ancient Greece, of the Romans to medieval warfare, the warfare of Philip II of Spain, Louis XIV of France, Frederick II of Prussia, the French Revolutionaries, and Napoleon. It also considers two sets of incremental changes that ultimately led to the transformation of warfare and of strategy: the growth, centralization, and diversifiation of the structure of European states; and technological innovation.

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