XVII.—The Adrenal Gland of Xenopus laevis

1933 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 323-326
Author(s):  
H. Zwarenstein ◽  
I. Schrire
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Renal Arteries ◽  
Renal Veins ◽  
Adrenal Tissue

Summary1. The adrenal gland of Xenopus is essentially similar in distribution and structure to the adrenal of Urodeles.2. In addition, adrenal tissue occurs in the walls of the renal veins, inferior vena cava, aorta and renal arteries, a condition similar to that found in some Cyclostomes and Fishes.We wish to thank Mr B. McManus for his assistance in the preparation of sections.

Prevalence of Congenital Anomalies of the Inferior Vena Cava: CT Assessment in Thai Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 1459-1464
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Renal Vein ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Left Renal Vein ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Renal Veins ◽  
Retrocaval Ureter ◽  
Radiology Reports ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Study Population

Objective: To determine the prevalence of inferior vena cava (IVC) anomalies in Thai patients who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen. Materials and Methods: Two radiologists retrospectively and independently reviewed the contrast-enhanced abdominal CT examinations in 1,429 Thai patients between August 1, 2018 and January 25, 2019 who met the inclusion criteria. Patients were included, if (a) their CT showed well visualized IVC, renal veins, and right ureter that were not obliterated by tumor, cyst, fluid collection, or intraperitoneal free fluid, (b) they had not undergone previous abdominal surgery that altered anatomical configuration of the IVC, renal veins, and right ureter. The presence of all IVC anomalies were recorded. Results: Among the 1,429 studied patients, 678 were male (47.4%) and 751 were female (52.6%). The prevalence of IVC anomalies was 3.5%. Five types of IVC anomalies were presented. The most common was circumaortic left renal vein in 24 patients or 48.0% of all IVC anomalies and 1.7% of the study population, followed by retroaortic left renal vein in 15 patients or 30.0 % of all IVC anomalies and 1.0% of the study population. Other IVC anomalies included double IVC, left IVC, and retrocaval ureter at 0.5%, 0.2%, and 0.1% of the study population, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of IVC anomalies in the present study differed from the previous studies conducted in other countries, which may be attributable to differences in race and ethnicity. Awareness of these anomalies is essential when evaluating routine CT examinations in asymptomatic patients. Their presence should be carefully noted in radiology reports to avoid anomaly-related complications. Keywords: Prevalence; IVC anomalies; Circumaortic left renal vein; Retroaortic left renal vein; Double IVC; Left IVC; Retrocaval ureter

Anomalies of the inferior vena cava and renal veins: embryologic and surgical considerations

Urology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 873-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjiv Mathews ◽  
Patricia A Smith ◽  
Elliot K Fishman ◽  
Fray F Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Renal Veins

Idiopathic spontaneous extensive iliocaval thrombosis presenting with renal infarct

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. e234957
Author(s):  
Naveen Kumar ◽  
Aneesh Srivastava ◽  
Navneet Mishra ◽  
Hira Lal
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Renal Infarction ◽  
Renal Veins ◽  
Renal Infarct

We describe an extremely rare case of idiopathic spontaneous extensive venous thrombosis in a young man involving the inferior vena cava, the iliac veins and both renal veins associated with right haemorrhagic renal infarction with non-functioning right kidney.

Surgical management of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava

Vascular ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Jiang ◽  
You-Xin Wang ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Yan-Yong Jiang ◽  
Cheng-li Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Postoperative Complication ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms

The optimal surgical management of patients with leiomyosarcoma of inferior vena cava remains a controversy. From 1975 and 2009, five patients with leiomyosarcoma of inferior vena cava were treated at the Chinese PLA General Hospital and Beijing Shijitan Hospital. The age ranged 39–61 years and the duration of symptoms ranged from 18 to 36 months. Abdominal and back pain are the most common complaints. A combination of various imaging modalities is essential for treatment planning. R0, R1, R2, and biopsy only were accomplished in 2, 1, 1, and 1 case, respectively. Combined resections included inferior vena cava, right kidney, adrenal gland, psoas, colon, duodenal, gallbladder, liver, and/or aorta, without inferior vena cava reconstruction. No inferior vena cava-related postoperative complication was seen in our series.

The Value of Preprocedure Computed Tomography for Planning Insertion of Inferior Vena Cava Filters

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Jaskolka ◽  
Rachel P.W. Kwok ◽  
Sara H. Gray ◽  
Hamid R. Mojibian
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Renal Vein ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Reference Standards ◽  
Ivc Filter ◽  
Renal Veins ◽  
Lumbar Vertebral Body ◽  
The Mean

Purpose To determine if valuable information could be obtained from abdominal computed tomography (CT) performed before insertion of an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter. Materials and Methods A retrospective review was performed on IVC filter insertions with a CT performed before the procedure. Cavagram and CT were compared for renal vein and IVC anatomy, the diameter of the IVC, and the prevalence of iliocaval thrombus. Correlations were assessed among 3 reference standards for measuring the IVC at cavography. Results The mean IVC diameter was 23.0 mm on CT. On cavagram the mean IVC diameter was assessed by using 3 reference standards: 20.7 mm, with the catheter tip as a reference; 26.9 mm, with a radiopaque ruler; and 23.4 mm, by using a lumbar vertebral body. There was good correlation among the 3 measures of IVC diameter (Pearson's r = 0.75, P < .0001) but moderate correlation with CT (r = 0.36–0.56, P < .001). The sensitivity of cavagram for detecting retroaortic and circumaortic renal veins was 40% and 0%, respectively. Nineteen accessory renal veins (12.8%) were not seen by cavagram. Thirteen patients (8.8%) had iliocaval thrombus on cavagram, of which 12 (92.3%) were not previously detected by CT. Conclusions CT is more sensitive than cavagram for detection of renal vein variants and the level of the lowest renal vein. Therefore, if available, the CT should be reviewed before placement of an IVC filter to optimize positioning. Cavagram remains the criterion standard for detection of iliocaval thrombosis and is necessary before IVC filter insertion.

scholarly journals Nephrotic Syndrome Due to Thrombosis of the Inferior Vena Cava and Renal Veins

1965 ◽  
Vol 41 (472) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Bayley ◽  
D. Heath ◽  
J. Hardwicke ◽  
A. G. W. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Renal Veins
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