Serological and genomic evidence of Rift Valley fever virus during inter-epidemic periods in Mauritania

SUMMARYRift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging pathogen of major concern throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, affecting both livestock and humans. In the past recurrent epidemics were reported in Mauritania and studies focused on the analysis of samples from affected populations during acute outbreaks. To verify characteristics and presence of RVFV during non-epidemic periods we implemented a multi-stage serological and molecular analysis. Serum samples of small ruminants, cattle and camels were obtained from Mauritania during an inter-epidemic period in 2012–2013. This paper presents a comparative analysis of potential variations and shifts of antibody presence and the capability of inter-epidemic infections in Mauritanian livestock. We observed distinct serological differences between tested species (seroprevalence: small ruminants 3·8%, cattle 15·4%, camels 32·0%). In one single bovine from Nouakchott, a recent RVF infection could be identified by the simultaneous detection of IgM antibodies and viral RNA. This study indicates the occurrence of a low-level enzootic RVFV circulation in livestock in Mauritania. Moreover, results indicate that small ruminants can preferably act as sentinels for RVF surveillance.

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Co-circulation of Orthobunyaviruses and Rift Valley Fever Virus in Mauritania, 2015

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.766977 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Nicole Cichon ◽

Yahya Barry ◽

Franziska Stoek ◽

Abdellah Diambar ◽

Aliou Ba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rift Valley ◽

High Performance ◽

Rift Valley Fever ◽

Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Valley Fever

Ngari virus (NRIV) has been mostly detected during concurrent outbreaks of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). NRIV is grouped in the genus Orthobunyavirus within the Bunyaviridae family and RVFV in the genus Phlebovirus in the family Phenuiviridae. Both are zoonotic arboviruses and can induce hemorrhagic fever displaying the same clinical picture in humans and small ruminants. To investigate if NRIV and its parental viruses, Bunyamwera virus (BUNV) and Batai virus (BATV), played a role during the Mauritanian RVF outbreak in 2015/16, we analyzed serum samples of sheep and goats from central and southern regions in Mauritania by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, serum neutralization test (SNT) and ELISA. 41 of 458 samples exhibited neutralizing reactivity against NRIV, nine against BATV and three against BUNV. Moreover, complete virus genomes from BUNV could be recovered from two sheep as well as two NRIV isolates from a goat and a sheep. No RVFV-derived viral RNA was detected, but 81 seropositive animals including 22 IgM-positive individuals were found. Of these specimens, 61 samples revealed antibodies against RVFV and at least against one of the three orthobunyaviruses. An indirect ELISA based on NRIV/BATV and BUNV derived Gc protein was established as complement to SNT, which showed high performance regarding NRIV, but decreased sensitivity and specificity regarding BATV and BUNV. Moreover, we observed high cross-reactivity among NRIV and BATV serological assays. Taken together, the data indicate the co-circulation of at least BUNV and NRIV in the Mauritanian sheep and goat populations.

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Investigation of Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection Serologically and Pathologically in Aborted Cattle, Sheep, Goats and in Fetuses

Annual Research & Review in Biology ◽

10.9734/arrb/2020/v35i130174 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Mehmet Kale ◽

Sibel Hasircioglu ◽

Özlem Özmen ◽

Nuri Mamak ◽

Sibel Gür ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rift Valley ◽

Rift Valley Fever ◽

Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽

Western Mediterranean ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Pathological Findings ◽

Elisa Method ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Valley Fever ◽

Sheep And Goats

In this study, Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) infection was searched serologically and pathologically in cattle (178 Holstein), sheep (160 native), goats (66 ordinary goats, 98 Honamli goats, 16 Saanen goats) with an abortion history and in unborn cattle (8), sheep (24) and goat (5) fetus. Samples were collected between July 2009 and September 2010. As a result of studying specific antibodies to RVFV by using the c-ELISA method in blood serum samples collected from cattle, sheep and goats suffering abortion, seropositivity was identified in 7 cattle (7/178; 3.93%), 4 sheep (4/160;2.50%) and 18 goats (18/180;10.0%). 18 seropositive goats were distributed according to race as 13 ordinary goats (19.70%), 2 Honamli goats (2.04%) and 3 Saanen goats (18.75%). When liver, spleen and brain samples of the unborn fetus of cattle, sheep and goats were studied histopathologically, no pathological findings on RVFV disease were obtained. Consequently, in this study, where RVFV infection in cattle, sheep and goats raised in Western Mediterranean Region of Turkey was serologically revealed, it was concluded that RVFV did not take place in the aetiology of abortion cases in relevant species.

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A novel indirect ELISA based on glycoprotein Gn for the detection of IgG antibodies against Rift Valley fever virus in small ruminants

Research in Veterinary Science ◽

10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.04.015 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 725-730 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

S. Jäckel ◽

M. Eiden ◽

A. Balkema-Buschmann ◽

M. Ziller ◽

P. Jansen van Vuren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rift Valley ◽

Rift Valley Fever ◽

Indirect Elisa ◽

Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Valley Fever

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Comparison of a Recombinant Nucleocapsid IgG Indirect ELISA with an IgG Sandwich ELISA for the Detection of Antibodies to Rift Valley Fever Virus in Small Ruminants

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases ◽

10.1089/vbz.2012.1006 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1062-1064 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

José M. Fafetine ◽

Petrus Jansen van Vuren ◽

Janusz T. Paweska

Keyword(s):

Rift Valley ◽

Rift Valley Fever ◽

Indirect Elisa ◽

Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽

Sandwich Elisa ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Valley Fever

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Serological Evidence for the Circulation of Rift Valley Fever Virus in Domestic Small Ruminants in Southern Gabon

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases ◽

10.1089/vbz.2016.2065 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 443-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gael Darren Maganga ◽

Andre Lea Abessolo Ndong ◽

Clency Sylde Mikala Okouyi ◽

Sheila Makiala Mandanda ◽

Nadine N'Dilimabaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rift Valley ◽

Rift Valley Fever ◽

Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Serological Evidence ◽

Valley Fever

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Validation of an ELISA for the concurrent detection of total antibodies (IgM and IgG) to Rift Valley fever virus

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.4102/ojvr.v81i1.675 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Charlotte E. Ellis ◽

Vuyokazi E. Mareledwane ◽

Roy Williams ◽

David B. Wallace ◽

Phelix A.O. Majiwa

Keyword(s):

Rift Valley ◽

Rift Valley Fever ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽

Simultaneous Detection ◽

Study Data ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Valley Fever ◽

Agricultural Research Council ◽

Antigen Elisa

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) infects humans and livestock, causing haemorrhaging andabortions in animals. Three major RVF epizootics have occurred in South Africa since the1950s and the outbreak in 2010 had a mortality rate of 10.7% in humans. Accurate and earlydetection is therefore essential for management of this zoonotic disease. Enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been developed for the detection of either IgM or IgGantibodies to RVFV in animal sera. In this study, data are presented on the validation of adouble-antigen ELISA for the simultaneous detection of both classes of antibodies to RVFV ina single test. ELISA plates were coated with a recombinant nucleoprotein. The nucleoprotein,conjugated to horseradish peroxidase, was used as the detecting reagent. A total of 534 serafrom sheep and cattle were used in the validation. The sheep sera were collected during a RVFpathogenesis study at the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) – Onderstepoort VeterinaryInstitute and the cattle sera were collected during an outbreak of RVF in 2008 at the ARC –Animal Production Institute in Irene, Pretoria. The ELISA had a diagnostic sensitivity of 98.4%and a specificity of 100% when compared to a commercial cELISA. This convenient and fastassay is suitable for use in serological surveys or monitoring immune responses in vaccinatedanimals.

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Establishment of a duplex RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Rift valley fever virus and peste des petits ruminants virus

Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Materials, Environmental and Biological Engineering ◽

10.2991/mebe-15.2015.92 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Guili Li ◽

Yin Wang ◽

Xueping Yao ◽

Ling Hu

Keyword(s):

Rift Valley ◽

Rift Valley Fever ◽

Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽

Simultaneous Detection ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Valley Fever

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Detection of Rift Valley Fever Virus Interepidemic Activity in Some Hotspot Areas of Kenya by Sentinel Animal Surveillance, 2009–2012

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.1155/2014/379010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Jacqueline Kasiiti Lichoti ◽

Absolomon Kihara ◽

Abuu A. Oriko ◽

Leonard Ateya Okutoyi ◽

James Ogaa Wauna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rift Valley ◽

Rift Valley Fever ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Eastern Africa ◽

Mosquito Vector ◽

Valley Fever

Rift Valley fever virus causes an important zoonotic disease of humans and small ruminants in Eastern Africa and is spread primarily by a mosquito vector. In this region, it occurs as epizootics that typically occur at 5–15-year intervals associated with unusual rainfall events. It has hitherto been known that the virus is maintained between outbreaks in dormant eggs of the mosquito vector and this has formed the basis of understanding of the epidemiology and control strategies of the disease. We show here that seroconversion and sporadic acute disease do occur during the interepidemic periods (IEPs) in the absence of reported cases in livestock or humans. The finding indicates that previously undetected low-level virus transmission during the IEPs does occur and that epizootics may also be due to periodic expansion of mosquito vectors in the presence of both circulating virus and naïve animals.

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