Establishment of a duplex RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Rift valley fever virus and peste des petits ruminants virus

Entomologic investigations were conducted in the Al-Darb, Al-Reath, Al-Aridah, Abuareesh, Al-Ahad, Samttah, Sabyah, Damad and Beash areas by CO2-baited CDC miniature light traps in the Jazan region. Vectors were identified morphologically, as well as COI gene segment amplification and sequencing. The relative abundance (RA%) and pattern of occurrence (C%) were recorded. The presence of the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in pooled mosquito samples was investigated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Culex pipiens (C. pipiens) and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (C. tritaeniorhynchus) were found with RA% values of 96% and 4%, respectively, in the region. Significant variations in vector population densities were observed in different districts. The C. pipiens was found highly abundant in all districts and RA% value (100%) was recorded in the Al-Darb, Al-Reath, Al-Aridah, Samttah and Damad areas, whereas RA% values (93.75%, 93.33%, 92.30% and 91.66%) were noted in Al-Ahad, Sabyah, Abuareesh and Beash districts, respectively. RA% values for C. tritaeniorhynchus were recorded as 8.33%, 7.70%, 6.66% and 6.25% in Beash, Abuareesh, Sabyah and Al-Ahad areas, respectively. The pattern of occurrence for C. pipiens and C. tritaeniorhynchus was recorded as 100% and 44.4% in the region. Phylogenetic analysis of C. pipiens and C. tritaeniorhynchus exhibited a close relationship with mosquitoes from Kenya and Turkey, respectively. All mosquito samples tested by RT-PCR were found negative for RVFV. In summary, the current study assessed the composition, abundance, distribution of different mosquito vectors and presence of RVFV in different areas of the Jazan region. Our data will help risk assessments of RVFV future re-emergence in the region.

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Detection of Rift Valley Fever Virus Lineage H from South Africa through Syndromic Sentinel Surveillance Network in Senegal

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofab655 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ndeye Sakha Bob ◽

Mamadou Aliou Barry ◽

Moussa Moise Diagne ◽

Martin Faye ◽

Marie Henriette Dior Ndione ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Rift Valley ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Rift Valley Fever ◽

Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Surveillance Network ◽

Valley Fever

Abstract Background Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arbovirus that causes epizootics and epidemics among livestock population and humans. Our surveillance system has revealed multiple emergences and re-emergences of RVFV in West Africa over the last decade. Methods In Senegal a sentinel syndromic surveillance network (4S) has been implemented since 2011. Samples from human suspected arbovirus infection in 4S sentinel sites were sent to Institut Pasteur de Dakar (IPD) where arbovirus diagnosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and virus isolation were performed. Overall, IPD has received a total of 1,149 samples from arboviral suspected patients through the 4S network from January to December 2020. These samples were screened for seven arboviruses including RVFV. Whole genome sequencing of positive RVFV samples by RT-PCR were performed using Illumina Miseq platform followed by genome assembly. Phylogenetic analysis were performed using MEGA X. Results Out of the 1,149 arbovirus suspected cases, four RVFV positive samples were detected with RT-PCR while five RVFV positive samples were detected by ELISA. Complete genome sequences were obtained for three strains among the four positive samples by RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analyses indicated an emergence of a virus first described in South Africa during a major outbreak. Conclusion Strong surveillance system allowed the detection of RVFV outbreak in Senegal in 2020. The obtained genomes clustered with strains from South Africa belonging to lineage H. This calls for an implementation of a strong surveillance system in wild animals, humans, and livestock simultaneously in all African Countrries.

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Validation of an ELISA for the concurrent detection of total antibodies (IgM and IgG) to Rift Valley fever virus

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.4102/ojvr.v81i1.675 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Charlotte E. Ellis ◽

Vuyokazi E. Mareledwane ◽

Roy Williams ◽

David B. Wallace ◽

Phelix A.O. Majiwa

Keyword(s):

Rift Valley ◽

Rift Valley Fever ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽

Simultaneous Detection ◽

Study Data ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Valley Fever ◽

Agricultural Research Council ◽

Antigen Elisa

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) infects humans and livestock, causing haemorrhaging andabortions in animals. Three major RVF epizootics have occurred in South Africa since the1950s and the outbreak in 2010 had a mortality rate of 10.7% in humans. Accurate and earlydetection is therefore essential for management of this zoonotic disease. Enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been developed for the detection of either IgM or IgGantibodies to RVFV in animal sera. In this study, data are presented on the validation of adouble-antigen ELISA for the simultaneous detection of both classes of antibodies to RVFV ina single test. ELISA plates were coated with a recombinant nucleoprotein. The nucleoprotein,conjugated to horseradish peroxidase, was used as the detecting reagent. A total of 534 serafrom sheep and cattle were used in the validation. The sheep sera were collected during a RVFpathogenesis study at the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) – Onderstepoort VeterinaryInstitute and the cattle sera were collected during an outbreak of RVF in 2008 at the ARC –Animal Production Institute in Irene, Pretoria. The ELISA had a diagnostic sensitivity of 98.4%and a specificity of 100% when compared to a commercial cELISA. This convenient and fastassay is suitable for use in serological surveys or monitoring immune responses in vaccinatedanimals.

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Detection of Puumala and Rift Valley Fever virus by quantitative RT-PCR and virus viability tests in samples of blood dried and stored on filter paper

Journal of Virological Methods ◽

10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.09.010 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 178 (1-2) ◽

pp. 186-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jonas Näslund ◽

Alexander Kerner ◽

Peter Drobni ◽

Göran Bucht ◽

Magnus Evander ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Filter Paper ◽

Rift Valley ◽

Rift Valley Fever ◽

Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Valley Fever

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Bead-based suspension array for simultaneous detection of antibodies against the Rift Valley fever virus nucleocapsid and Gn glycoprotein

Journal of Virological Methods ◽

10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.03.008 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 183 (2) ◽

pp. 99-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Fimme J. van der Wal ◽

René P. Achterberg ◽

S. Matthijn de Boer ◽

Hani Boshra ◽

Alejandro Brun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rift Valley ◽

Rift Valley Fever ◽

Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽

Simultaneous Detection ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Valley Fever ◽

Suspension Array

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Serological and genomic evidence of Rift Valley fever virus during inter-epidemic periods in Mauritania

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268816003022 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 145 (5) ◽

pp. 1058-1068 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. RISSMANN ◽

M. EIDEN ◽

B. O. EL MAMY ◽

K. ISSELMOU ◽

B. DOUMBIA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rift Valley ◽

Rift Valley Fever ◽

Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽

Simultaneous Detection ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Valley Fever ◽

Epidemic Period ◽

And Shifts

SUMMARYRift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging pathogen of major concern throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, affecting both livestock and humans. In the past recurrent epidemics were reported in Mauritania and studies focused on the analysis of samples from affected populations during acute outbreaks. To verify characteristics and presence of RVFV during non-epidemic periods we implemented a multi-stage serological and molecular analysis. Serum samples of small ruminants, cattle and camels were obtained from Mauritania during an inter-epidemic period in 2012–2013. This paper presents a comparative analysis of potential variations and shifts of antibody presence and the capability of inter-epidemic infections in Mauritanian livestock. We observed distinct serological differences between tested species (seroprevalence: small ruminants 3·8%, cattle 15·4%, camels 32·0%). In one single bovine from Nouakchott, a recent RVF infection could be identified by the simultaneous detection of IgM antibodies and viral RNA. This study indicates the occurrence of a low-level enzootic RVFV circulation in livestock in Mauritania. Moreover, results indicate that small ruminants can preferably act as sentinels for RVF surveillance.

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