scholarly journals Autonomic reactivity in relation to attachment and early adversity among foster children

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Oosterman ◽  
J. Clasien De Schipper ◽  
Philip Fisher ◽  
Mary Dozier ◽  
Carlo Schuengel
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Early Adversity ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Strange Situation ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Quality Of Relationships

AbstractThis study examined whether the quality of relationships with foster caregivers was associated with autonomic nervous system reactivity of children during separation and reunion with their foster caregiver. Moreover, effects of early adversity were examined in relation to attachment and autonomic nervous system reactivity. The sample included 60 children between 26 and 88 months of age, who participated with their primary foster caregivers in the Strange Situation. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia and preejection period were measured as indicators of parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system reactivity, respectively. Attachment quality (ordered/disordered and secure/insecure attachment), was coded on the basis of children's behavior in the Strange Situation using the Cassidy and Marvin coding system. Children with a background of neglect and those with disordered (disorganized–controlling or insecure–other) attachment showed most sympathetic reactivity during the procedure. Moreover, children with disordered attachment showed less vagal regulation (respiratory sinus arrhythmia decreases on separation and increases on reunion) than children with ordered attachment. The findings show that the quality of relationships with current caregivers, and to a lesser extent specific experiences of neglect, may have an impact on children's abilities to regulate emotions in the context of environmental stress and challenges.

Evaluation of the Autonomic Nervous System of the Heart in Male Patients with Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome Using Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia and Dynamic Exercise

Cardiology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourenço Gallo, Jr. ◽  
José Morelo-Filho ◽  
Benedito C. Maciel ◽  
José A. Marin-Neto ◽  
Luiz E.B. Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Mitral Valve Prolapse ◽  
Dynamic Exercise ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Male Patients

scholarly journals Use of Mobile Technology Paired with Heart Rate Monitor to Remotely Quantify Behavioral Health Markers among Military Reservists and First Responders

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Maria I Davila ◽  
Paul N Kizakevich ◽  
Randy Eckhoff ◽  
Jessica Morgan ◽  
Sreelatha Meleth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Heart Period ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Heart Rate Monitor ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

ABSTRACT Introduction Heart rate variability (HRV) is a biological marker that reflects an individual’s autonomic nervous system regulation. Psychological resilience is an individual’s ability to recover from an adverse event and return to physiological homeostasis and mental well-being, indicated by higher resting HRV. The Biofeedback Assisted Resilience Training (BART) study evaluates a resilience-building intervention, with or without HRV biofeedback. This article evaluates the feasibility of remote psychophysiological research by validating the HRV data collected. Materials and Methods The BART platform consists of a mobile health application (BART app) paired to a wearable heart rate monitor. The BART app is installed on the participant’s personal phone/tablet to track and collect self-report psychological and physiological data. The platform collects raw heart rate data and processes HRV to server as online biofeedback. The raw data is processed offline to derive HRV for statistical analysis. The following HRV parameters are validated: inter-beat interval, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, low-frequency HRV, biofeedback HRV, and heart period. Bland–Altman and scatter plots are used to compare and contrast online and offline HRV measures. Repeated-measures ANOVA are used to compared means across tasks during the stress (rest, stress, and recovery) and training (rest and paced breathing) sessions in order to validate autonomic nervous system changes to physiological challenges. Results The analyses included 245 participants. Bland–Altman plots showed excellent agreement and minimal bias between online and offline unedited inter-beat interval data during the stress session. RMANOVA during the training session indicated a significant strong effect on biofeedback HRV, F(11,390) = 967.96, P < .01. During the stress session, RMANOVA showed significant strong effect on respiratory sinus arrhythmia and low-frequency HRV, and a significant but weak effect on heart period. Conclusions The BART digital health platform supports remote behavioral and physiological data collection, intervention delivery, and online HRV biofeedback.

scholarly journals Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscle Response to a Public Speech Preparation Stressor: Personality and Autonomic Predictors

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 2940-2951
Author(s):  
Leah B. Helou ◽  
J. Richard Jennings ◽  
Clark A. Rosen ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Katherine Verdolini Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
Stress Reaction ◽  
System Response ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Causal Pathway

Purpose Laboratory stressors have been shown to impact the activity of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles (ILMs), which may be part of the final causal pathway in some stress-induced voice disorders. Previous research suggests that personality traits such as stress reaction might increase one's susceptibility to these problems. Also, the autonomic nervous system response is implicated in the pathogenesis of voice disorders putatively involving ILM hyperfunction. The purpose of this study was to investigate personality and autonomic nervous system predictors of ILM responses to stressor exposure. Method Thirty-seven physically and vocally healthy female adults completed a personality questionnaire and were subjected to a speech preparation task intended to induce stress. Fine wire electromyography of the ILMs was performed so that the activity of these muscles could be measured prior to and during the stressor. Participants' trait stress reaction was measured as a personality-based predictive variable, as was respiratory-corrected respiratory sinus arrhythmia, a putative measure of vagal outflow to the heart. Results The personality measure trait stress reaction uniquely predicted thyroarytenoid, trapezius, and tibialis activity, whereas respiratory sinus arrhythmia uniquely predicted the activity of all muscles studied. Differences were observed in the autonomic predictor variable as a function of whether or not effects of respiration were accounted for in the variable's calculation. Conclusions This study explores the potential mediating roles of personality and autonomic function in ILM activity during a stressor. Both variables have value in predicting ILM activity during stressor exposure.

scholarly journals Sentra PM (a Medical Food) and Trazodone in the Management of Sleep Disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. JCNSD.S9381
Author(s):  
William E. Shell Md ◽  
Lawrence A. May Md ◽  
Debora H. Bullias Bs, Cra, Crc ◽  
Stephanie L. Pavlik Cra ◽  
David S. Silver Md
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Activity ◽  
Medical Food ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Nervous System Activity

Sleep disorders are a common and poorly treated disease state. This double blind, four arm placebo-controlled, randomized trial compared (1) low dose trazodone, (2) Sentra PM, a neurotransmitter based medical food, (3) the joint administration of trazodone and the medical food Sentra PM and (4) placebo. There were 111 subjects studied in 12 independent sites. Subjects underwent baseline screening, informed consent and an initial sleep questionnaire. After 14 days subjects underwent a second evaluation by questionnaire. At baseline and Day 14 the subjects underwent 24 hour ECG recordings that were analyzed in the frequency domain of heart rate variability. The specific high frequency parasympathetic autonomic nervous system activity was analyzed. The primary endpoints were sleep latency and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system improvement in sleeping hours. The results showed improvement in sleep latency for the Sentra PM and combination of Sentra PM and trazodone (−41 and −56 minutes P < 0.001). There was an improvement in quality of sleep for the amino acid formulation Sentra PM and the combination (3.86 and 6.48 Likert units on a 10 point scale P < 0.001). There was an activation of circadian activity percent at night in the medical food and combination groups while there was no change in parasympathetic activity in either the placebo or trazodone group. These data indicate that Sentra PM can improve the quality of sleep, the response to trazodone as a sleep medication and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system activity.

Genetics of Autonomic Nervous System Activity

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eco de Geus ◽  
Rene van Lien ◽  
Melanie Neijts ◽  
Gonneke Willemsen
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Measurement Strategies

Large individual differences in the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) play a key role in risk for cardiovascular disease. This chapter presents an overview of the measurement strategies that can be used to study ANS activity in samples that are sufficiently large to allow genetic analyses. Heart rate variability, in particular, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is identified as the measure of choice to index parasympathetic activity, whereas preejection period (PEP) is the measure of choice to index sympathetic activity. Twin studies have demonstrated significant genetic contributions to resting levels of both RSA (heritability estimates range from 25 to 71 percent) and PEP (heritability estimates range from 48 to 74 percent) and the genetic variance in these traits seems to further increase under conditions of psychological stress. Identifying the genetic variants that influence parasympathetic and sympathetic activity may increase our understanding of the role of the ANS in cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Сlinical features of changes in the microcirculation system among children with allergic rhinitis, depending on the severity of dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
N. S. Tataurschikova ◽  
P. V. Berezhansky
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

In recent years, there has been an increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases in children. Allergic rhinitis (AR) ranks first among other allergic diseases in terms of prevalence and impact on the health and quality of life patients. In various countries of the world, according to various sources, from 10 to 40% of the population suffers. Allergic rhinitis is a serious medical, social and economic problem. In addition, allergic rhinitis, especially with multiple sensitization and insufficiently controlled course, is an independent risk factor for recurrence of respiratory infections and the development of bronchial asthma, and also significantly reduces the quality of life patients.AR is a multifactorial disease in the development of which many factors play a role. The basis of the pathological process in AR is IgE--dependent mucosal inflammation, which is realized under the influence of specific and nonspecific mechanisms and has a Th2 character. The tissues and organs involved in the process determine the formation of complex mechanisms of interaction between the immune, microcirculatory and autonomic nervous systems.The inflammatory process in AR is characterized by a number of features, for example, the presence of minimal persistent inflammation and the priming effect, which in turn is a predisposing factor for the clinical onset and progression of AR. Microcirculatory mechanisms are of great pathogenetic significance in the development of allergic inflammation, including in AR.Depending on the leading pathognomonic trait, it is now customary to distinguish individual phenotypes and endotypes of AR.The phenotype covers the clinically significant properties of AR, but does not reveal the detailed mechanisms of its development, on the basis of which a personalized algorithm for prevention, treatment and prognosis can be created.And the autonomic nervous system is responsible for setting links between the body, ambient and internal environment through the regulation of metabolism, functioning of organs and tissues based on changes in this environment; it also provides the integration of all organs into a single whole acting as one of the main body’s adaptive systems.Since the autonomic nervous system governs the body and homeostasis uniting separate pathogenetic links of disease progression and sets the basis for structural and functional unity. In light of this, the failure of neuroregulatory mechanisms takes the lead among the causes of systemic changes in the microvasculature, which, in turn, reflects general pathogenetic processes in the body. The regulatory mechanism is implemented through nerves and reflexes by different neurohumoral factors, their nature has been studied under experimental conditions and is beyond doubt to date.The study of the main indicators of microcirculation and the autonomic nervous system among children with allergic rhinitis in various combinations with concomitant pathology will highlight new AR phenotypes and select an individual treatment and rehabilitation plan for these children.

Influence of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system on nocturnal bronchial obstruction

1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Postma ◽  
J. J. Keyzer ◽  
G. H. Koëuter ◽  
H. J. Sluiter ◽  
K. De Vries
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
Normal Controls

1. To determine whether an autonomic nervous system imbalance might underlie the nocturnal dyspnoea in patients with chronic airflow obstruction (CAO), we determined FEV1, sinus arrhythmia gap (SA gap), heart rate and urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion every 4 h over 24 h. Measurements were performed in eight non-allergic patients with CAO and eight age- and sex-matched normal controls. 2. The amplitude of the circadian changes in FEV1 in patients and controls was 27 ± 2% and 7 ± 1% respectively (P < 0.001). 3. Both an increased SA gap and a decreased heart rate are features of increased vagal activity. This vagal activity was significantly increased in patients, compared with normal controls (difference P < 0.01), the difference being maximal at night. This increased activity might contribute to a bronchial obstruction in these patients. 4. Urinary adrenaline excretion was significantly higher by day than by night in both patients and normal controls (P < 0.01). The urinary levels of adrenaline in the patients were significantly decreased at all hours of observation as compared with levels in normal controls (P < 0.05). 5. Urinary noradrenaline levels were significantly lower in patients as compared with normal subjects (P < 0.01), and lower by night than by day. 6. Urinary histamine and Nτ-methylhistamine excretion were in the normal range in each individual. Urinary levels, however, were significantly higher in patients at all hours of observation (P < 0.05). No circadian rhythm was shown. Plasma cortisol levels showed a normal circadian variation, similar in patients and normal subjects. 7. Bronchial constriction in patients with CAO may be explained by an autonomic nervous system imbalance. Arguments favouring this hypothesis were the findings that CAO patients, in contrast with normal controls, showed lower urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion throughout with a fall at night, and a higher vagal tone with an increase at night. Moreover, a higher histamine and Nτ-methylhistamine excretion both day and night existed in the patient group. A combination of these factors may lead to the nocturnal dyspnoea in patients with CAO.

scholarly journals Features of autonomic regulation in cholelithiasis before and after cholecystectomy

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
A. D. Bagmet ◽  
A. P. Ruban ◽  
V. N. Egorov ◽  
T. V. Tayutina
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Before And After

It is appropriate and necessary to examine the functional state of the autonomic nervous system and the quality of life in patients with cholelithiasis using the mathematical analysis of the heart rhythm at the present-day level. Materials and methods: 136 patients (115 women and 21 men) were examined, of which 70 patients after cholecystectomy with cholelithiasis and 66 patients with cholelithiasis. Fractional chromatic minute-type duodenal intubation with an analysis of the biochemical and microscopic composition of the bile was used to assess the biliary system condition. The examination of the autonomic nervous system was carried out by determining the heart rhythm using the cardiointervalography method with further mathematical analysis of the structure and variational pulsometry. Changes in the autonomic status in patients with cholelithiasis before and after cholecystectomy differ in general patterns: adaptive possibilities decrease and sympathetic activity of the autonomic regulation increases. An increase in the lithogenicity of bile, which positively correlates with the level of sympathicotonia, is characteristic for patients with cholelithiasis before and after cholecystectomy. The autonomic regulation in patients with cholelithiasis after cholecystectomy improves, however, the high bile lithogenicity persists. 

Diagnosing Autonomic Nervous System Disorders - Existing Guidelines and Future Perspectives

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Lahrmann ◽  
Isabel Rocha ◽  
Walter Struhal ◽  
Roland D Thijs ◽  
Max Hilz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Severe Adverse Effect ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Sympathetic Function ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Disorders ◽  
Bedside Tests

Primary and secondary autonomic nervous system (ANS) disorders often have a severe adverse effect on the quality of life of patients. Diagnostics for ANS disorders are under represented, despite their common occurrence. Precise history taking is of key importance for ANS evaluation: it may help to rule out differential diagnoses and provide important clues to the underlying ANS disorder. In fact, in conjunction with additional bedside tests, it can achieve a clear diagnosis. The analysis of heart rate variability and the results of the standardised tests that make up the Ewing battery are important means of evaluating the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system. In addition, sudomotor testing can be used to evaluate cholinergic sympathetic function, and the spontaneous baroreceptor reflex can be assessed using new computerised techniques. These tests provide valuable information on cardiovascular autonomic control. This paper presents a structured review of current standard techniques for diagnosing ANS disorders.

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