Influence of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system on nocturnal bronchial obstruction

1. To determine whether an autonomic nervous system imbalance might underlie the nocturnal dyspnoea in patients with chronic airflow obstruction (CAO), we determined FEV1, sinus arrhythmia gap (SA gap), heart rate and urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion every 4 h over 24 h. Measurements were performed in eight non-allergic patients with CAO and eight age- and sex-matched normal controls. 2. The amplitude of the circadian changes in FEV1 in patients and controls was 27 ± 2% and 7 ± 1% respectively (P < 0.001). 3. Both an increased SA gap and a decreased heart rate are features of increased vagal activity. This vagal activity was significantly increased in patients, compared with normal controls (difference P < 0.01), the difference being maximal at night. This increased activity might contribute to a bronchial obstruction in these patients. 4. Urinary adrenaline excretion was significantly higher by day than by night in both patients and normal controls (P < 0.01). The urinary levels of adrenaline in the patients were significantly decreased at all hours of observation as compared with levels in normal controls (P < 0.05). 5. Urinary noradrenaline levels were significantly lower in patients as compared with normal subjects (P < 0.01), and lower by night than by day. 6. Urinary histamine and Nτ-methylhistamine excretion were in the normal range in each individual. Urinary levels, however, were significantly higher in patients at all hours of observation (P < 0.05). No circadian rhythm was shown. Plasma cortisol levels showed a normal circadian variation, similar in patients and normal subjects. 7. Bronchial constriction in patients with CAO may be explained by an autonomic nervous system imbalance. Arguments favouring this hypothesis were the findings that CAO patients, in contrast with normal controls, showed lower urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion throughout with a fall at night, and a higher vagal tone with an increase at night. Moreover, a higher histamine and Nτ-methylhistamine excretion both day and night existed in the patient group. A combination of these factors may lead to the nocturnal dyspnoea in patients with CAO.

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The Heart of an Endurance Athlete: Impact of and Recovery After an Ultra-Endurance Event.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-639854/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anton Swart ◽

Demitri Constantinou

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

The Body ◽

Mountain Biking ◽

Vagal Activity ◽

Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Ultra Endurance

Abstract Background: Acute bouts of ultra-endurance exercise may cause an acute reduction in cardiac function, causing a physiological cascade which releases cardiac biomarkers. This study set out to determine the cardiac stress and recovery of participation in a three-day ultra-endurance mountain biking event of athletes using heart rate variability (HRV) as an outcome measure. Sixteen healthy participants (male and female) participating in a three-day ultra-endurance mountain biking event underwent a five-minute resting electrocardiography (ECG) recording in a supine position. Heart rate variability measurements were recorded two days before the race (baseline testing), after each race day, and at 24-hour post-event (recovery). Results: Time-domain and frequency domain measures showed significant (p≤0.05) changes from baseline in HRV parameters after each race day. The significant changes in HRV parameters reflected an increase in sympathetic activity after each day of the event. Our data revealed that the mean HR and RR variability variables did not return to baseline value after 24-hours of recovery, reflecting autonomic nervous system dysfunction, and that changes persisted for at least 24-hours post-event.Conclusion: Our study shows that competing in an ultra-endurance mountain bike event led to diminished vagal activity and a decrease in HRV throughout the event and persisted for at least 24-hours post-event. The body was under continuous sympathetic dominance during rest as well as during each day of racing, implying each race day can be considered a physiological stress. This may, in turn, cause a disturbance in homeostasis and an increase in autonomic nervous system dysfunction. This has implications for further research, including dysrhythmia risk, and monitoring of athletes in advising a return to strenuous activity.

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The heart of an endurance athlete: impact of and recovery after an ultra-endurance event.

10.1101/2020.07.16.20155127 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anton Swart ◽

Demitri Constantinou

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

The Body ◽

Mountain Biking ◽

Vagal Activity ◽

Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Ultra Endurance

Objectives Our study set out to determine the cardiac stress and recovery of participation in a three-day ultra-endurance mountain biking event of athletes using heart rate variability (HRV) as an outcome measure. Methods Sixteen healthy participants (male and female) participating in a three-day ultra-endurance mountain biking event underwent a five-minute resting ECG recording in a supine position. Heart rate variability measurements were recorded two days before the race (baseline testing), after each race day, and at 24-hour post-event (recovery). Results Time-domain and frequency domain measures showed significant (p≤0.05) changes from baseline in HRV parameters after each race day. Our study found significant changes in HRV parameters, all of which reflected an increase in sympathetic activity after each day of the event. These data also revealed that the mean HR and RR variability variables did not return to baseline value after 24-hours of recovery, reflecting autonomic nervous system dysfunction, and that changes persisted for at least 24-hours post-event. Conclusion Our study shows that competing in an ultra-endurance mountain bike event led to diminished vagal activity and a decrease in HRV throughout the event and persisted for at least 24 hours post-event. The body was under continuous sympathetic dominance during rest as well as during each day of racing, implying each race day can be considered a physiological stress. This may, in turn, cause a disturbance in homeostasis and an increase in autonomic nervous system dysfunction. This has implications for further research, including dysrhythmia risk, and monitoring of athletes in advising a return to strenuous activity.

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Use of Mobile Technology Paired with Heart Rate Monitor to Remotely Quantify Behavioral Health Markers among Military Reservists and First Responders

Military Medicine ◽

10.1093/milmed/usaa395 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 186 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 17-24

Author(s):

Maria I Davila ◽

Paul N Kizakevich ◽

Randy Eckhoff ◽

Jessica Morgan ◽

Sreelatha Meleth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Physiological Data ◽

Heart Period ◽

Sinus Arrhythmia ◽

Heart Rate Monitor ◽

Autonomic Nervous

ABSTRACT Introduction Heart rate variability (HRV) is a biological marker that reflects an individual’s autonomic nervous system regulation. Psychological resilience is an individual’s ability to recover from an adverse event and return to physiological homeostasis and mental well-being, indicated by higher resting HRV. The Biofeedback Assisted Resilience Training (BART) study evaluates a resilience-building intervention, with or without HRV biofeedback. This article evaluates the feasibility of remote psychophysiological research by validating the HRV data collected. Materials and Methods The BART platform consists of a mobile health application (BART app) paired to a wearable heart rate monitor. The BART app is installed on the participant’s personal phone/tablet to track and collect self-report psychological and physiological data. The platform collects raw heart rate data and processes HRV to server as online biofeedback. The raw data is processed offline to derive HRV for statistical analysis. The following HRV parameters are validated: inter-beat interval, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, low-frequency HRV, biofeedback HRV, and heart period. Bland–Altman and scatter plots are used to compare and contrast online and offline HRV measures. Repeated-measures ANOVA are used to compared means across tasks during the stress (rest, stress, and recovery) and training (rest and paced breathing) sessions in order to validate autonomic nervous system changes to physiological challenges. Results The analyses included 245 participants. Bland–Altman plots showed excellent agreement and minimal bias between online and offline unedited inter-beat interval data during the stress session. RMANOVA during the training session indicated a significant strong effect on biofeedback HRV, F(11,390) = 967.96, P < .01. During the stress session, RMANOVA showed significant strong effect on respiratory sinus arrhythmia and low-frequency HRV, and a significant but weak effect on heart period. Conclusions The BART digital health platform supports remote behavioral and physiological data collection, intervention delivery, and online HRV biofeedback.

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Altered Heart Rate Variability in Patients With Schizophrenia During an Autonomic Nervous Test

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.626991 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ya Liu ◽

Yuanyuan Huang ◽

Jing Zhou ◽

Guixiang Li ◽

Jun Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Psychophysiological Stress ◽

Adaptive Capabilities ◽

Stimulation Tests ◽

Linear And Nonlinear ◽

Normal Controls

Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) and dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) have been observed in schizophrenia patients. HRV parameters of schizophrenia patients in the resting state have been well-documented; however, these parameters of schizophrenia patients who experience continuous psychophysiological stress remain unclear. The objective of this study was to systematically explore the linear and nonlinear HRV parameters between schizophrenia patients and normal controls and to detect the adaptive capabilities of HRV of schizophrenia patients during the stimulation tests of autonomic nervous system. Forty-five schizophrenia patients and forty-five normal controls, matched for age, sex and body mass index, completed a 14 min ANS test. Thirteen linear and nonlinear HRV parameters of all subjects under the ANS test were computed and statistically analyzed between groups and between sessions. The STROBE checklist was adhered to in this study. All time-domain HRV features in the ANS test were significantly different between schizophrenia patients and normal controls (p < 0.01). The schizophrenia patients showed significantly low values in the Poincaré indices, which revealed significantly decreased heart rate fluctuation complexity compared with that of normal controls (p < 0.001). In addition, the normal controls, not schizophrenia patients, showed significant differences between the recovery and stress states in the parameters of low frequency, high frequency, and nonlinear dynamics. Schizophrenia patients showed autonomic dysfunction of the heart in a series of stimulation tests of the autonomic nervous system and could not regain normal physiological functions after stress cessation. Our findings revealed that the dynamic parameters of HRV in psychophysiological stress are sensitive and practical for a diagnosis of schizophrenia.

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Effect of Electroacupuncture on St. 36 (Zusanli) and LI. 10 (Shousanli) Acupuncture Points on Heart Rate Variability

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x10007804 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 38 (02) ◽

pp. 231-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Chi-Sen Chang ◽

Chung-Wang Ko ◽

Han-Chung Lien ◽

Ming-Chih Chou

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Nervous System ◽

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Sympathetic Activity ◽

Vagal Activity ◽

Gastric Myoelectrical Activity ◽

Myoelectrical Activity ◽

Autonomic Nervous

Electrical stimulation of St. 36 (Zusanli) has been shown to enhance the regularity of gastric myoelectrical activity in healthy subjects. However, the underlying mechanism by which acupuncture alters gastric myoelectrical activity is still not clear. To elucidate the possible role of the autonomic nervous system in mediating the effect of acupuncture, we monitored heart rate variability (HRV), a widely used index of vagal discharge at the sinoatrial node of the heart before, during and after electroacupuncture. In this study, we applied two different frequencies (2 Hz and 100 Hz) of electrical stimulation at St. 36 (Zusanli) and LI. 10 (Shousanli) in 15 healthy volunteers. Low frequency (LF, sympathetic activity), high frequency (HF, vagal activity) and LF/HF ratio (sympathovagal balance) were analyzed and compared at the two different frequencies. The results showed an increase in the LF/HF ratio (indicating greater sympathetic activity) during the post-acupuncture period using 2 Hz of electrical stimulation at St. 36 (Zusanli). However, the overall change was not statistically significant. In addition, the power of LF and HF did not change significantly with electroacupuncture at St. 36 (Zusanli) and LI. 10 (Shousanli). In conclusion, applying 2 Hz or 100 Hz electroacupuncture at St. 36 (Zusanli) or LI. 10 (Shousanli) did not affect cardiovagal activity in normal volunteers. This phenomenon might be due to a difference in presentation in the autonomic nervous system between cardiac and abdominal vagal activity.

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Spectral analysis of heart rate variability signal for the assessment of autonomic nervous system behavior

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/s0013-4694(97)88086-1 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 103 (1) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

S Cerutti

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Nervous System ◽

Spectral Analysis ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

System Behavior ◽

Autonomic Nervous

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Efeito da manipulação vertebral sobre a modulação autonômica cardíaca

Fisioterapia Brasil ◽

10.33233/fb.v17i5.685 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 498

Author(s):

Alyssa Conte Da Silva ◽

Juliana Falcão Padilha ◽

Jefferson Luiz Brum Marques ◽

Cláudia Mirian De Godoy Marques

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Spinal Manipulation ◽

Autonomic Modulation ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Cardiac Autonomic Modulation

Introdução: Existem poucos estudos que evidenciam a manipulação vertebral relacionada à modulação autonômica cardíaca. Objetivo: Revisar a literatura sobre os efeitos da manipulação vertebral sobre a modulação autonômica cardíaca. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca bibliográfica nas bases de dados da saúde Medline, Pubmed e Cinahl, no período correspondido entre setembro e novembro de 2014. Foram utilizados os descritores em inglês Spinal Manipulation, Cardiac Autonomic Modulation, Autonomic Nervous System, Heart Rate Variability, além de associações entre eles. Resultados: Foram encontrados 190 artigos, sendo excluídos 39 por serem repetidos, restando 151. Destes, 124 não se encaixaram nos critérios de inclusão e após leitura crítica e análise dos materiais foram selecionados 7 artigos. Grande parte dos estudos revelou que a manipulação da coluna, independente do segmento, demonstra alterações autonômicas, tanto em nível simpático quanto parassimpático. Conclusão: Existem diferentes metodologias para avaliação da modulação autonômica cardíaca, sendo a Variabilidade da Frequência cardíaca através do eletrocardiograma a mais utilizada. A manipulação vertebral exerceu influência, na maioria dos artigos, sobre a modulação autonômica cardíaca.Palavras-chave: manipulação da coluna, sistema nervoso autônomo, variabilidade da frequência cardíaca.

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