Alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco use trajectories from age 12 to 24 years: Demographic correlates and young adult substance use problems

AbstractSubstance use trajectories were examined from early adolescence to young adulthood among a diverse sample of 998 youths. Analysis of longitudinal data from ages 12 to 24 identified distinct trajectories for alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco use. Modeling revealed 8 alcohol, 7 marijuana, and 6 tobacco use trajectories. Analyses assessed risk for substance use problems in early adulthood within each trajectory, as well as overlap among alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco use trajectories. Findings confirmed that adolescents with early- and rapid-onset trajectories are particularly vulnerable to the development of problematic substance use in early adulthood. However, analyses also identified an escalating high school onset trajectory for alcohol and for marijuana use that was equally prognostic of problem use in adulthood. Moreover, tobacco use in early adolescence was associated with developing high-risk marijuana and alcohol use patterns. Random assignment to the Family Check-Up intervention was found to reduce risk for membership in the high-risk marijuana use trajectories, suggesting that family-based approaches delivered during adolescence can prevent escalations to problematic substance use. These findings suggest the importance of developmental heterogeneity and equifinality in considering prevention for alcohol and drug use.

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Adolescence effortful control as a mediator between family ecology and problematic substance use in early adulthood: A 16-year prospective study

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579417001742 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 1355-1369 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chung Jung Mun ◽

Thomas J. Dishion ◽

Jenn-Yun Tein ◽

Roy Otten

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Relationship Quality ◽

Early Adolescence ◽

Effortful Control ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Control Group ◽

Problematic Substance Use ◽

Self Reports ◽

Problematic Substance

AbstractThis study examined the mediated effect of early adolescence familial context on early adulthood problematic substance use through effortful control in late adolescence. The sample consisted of a community sample of 311 adolescents and their families comprising the control group within a randomized trial intervention. Parental monitoring and parent–child relationship quality (P-C RQ) were measured annually from ages 11 to 13. Effortful control was measured by self-reports and parent and teacher reports at ages 16 to 17. Self-reports of problematic tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use were measured at ages 18 to 19, 21 to 22, 23 to 24, and 26 to 27. Structural equation modeling was employed to test hypothesized models. Only P-C RQ was found to be significantly associated with adolescent effortful control. As expected, higher levels of adolescent effortful control were associated with lower problematic substance use through early adulthood, controlling for previous substance use levels. Mediation analyses showed that effortful control significantly mediated the relationship between P-C RQ and problematic substance use. Higher relationship quality between youth and parents in early adolescence is associated with higher effortful control, which in turn relates to a lower level of problematic substance use in early adulthood.

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Mapping, assessing and promoting multiple psychological senses of community (MPSOC) through clinical pathways for treating substance use problems

Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs ◽

10.1177/1455072520985976 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 145507252098597

Author(s):

Nina Kavita Heggen Bahl ◽

Anne Signe Landheim ◽

Hilde Eileen Nafstad ◽

Rolv Mikkel Blakar ◽

Morten A. Brodahl

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Clinical Pathways ◽

Collaborative Study ◽

Social Situation ◽

National Guidelines ◽

Social Situations ◽

Recovery Processes ◽

Substance Use Problems ◽

Problematic Substance Use ◽

Problematic Substance

Aim: The recent nationally implemented clinical pathways for the treatment of substance use problems in Norway require mapping and assessing of patients’ needs, challenges, and resources. However, there is a lack of tools for systematically mapping and assessing patients’ social situations and social networks as part of the national guidelines. The aim of this article is to present a tool developed to map and assess the patient’s social situation, and to propose approaches for promoting multiple psychological senses of community (MPSOC) through clinical pathways for treating substance use problems. Methods: The proposed tool and approaches are developed based on findings in a previous in-depth collaborative study of MPSOC and recovery among people with substance use problems who received help and services from Norwegian municipalities. Findings: The findings suggest that multiple communities (geographical, relational and ideal) and senses of communities (within and outside treatment) simultaneously can influence individual recovery processes from problematic substance use in both positive as well as negative ways. As such, these community dimensions are of central importance to include in mapping and assessing of patients’ social situations, as well as in the promotion of MPSOC through clinical pathways. Conclusions: The suggested tool and approaches can increase the likelihood of achieving key aims of the national clinical pathways. Most important, mapping, assessing and promoting MPSOC through clinical pathways may promote long-term recovery processes and positive recovery capital for persons with substance use problems.

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Homelessness, Mental Health Afflictions, Problematic Substance Use, and Associated Criminality

Global Perspectives on Reforming the Criminal Justice System ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch015 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 258-287

Author(s):

Jayesh D'Souza

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Use ◽

Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽

Transformative Justice ◽

Government Response ◽

Substance Use Problems ◽

Problematic Substance Use ◽

Problematic Substance ◽

Justice Model ◽

Sheer Number

Homelessness and related community ailments have plagued society for a number of years, and governments have found it difficult to get these under control. The sheer number of homeless with mental health afflictions and problematic substance use problems leaves no doubt about the need for a stronger, more urgent government response. Community ailments such as these have led to increased crime rates and incarcerations and overcrowded prisons without a lasting solution in sight. This chapter uses the transformative justice model, with the expectation it produces better results than current models, by examining the source of homelessness, mental health afflictions, and problematic substance use and their bi-directional relationship with crime. This inter-jurisdictional study compares the current situations in the state of California and the province of Ontario, which have a high percent of homeless populations. It proves that special attention to vulnerable populations such as racialized groups, the socioeconomically disadvantaged, and youth is warranted.

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Peer Victimization, Depressive Symptoms, and Substance Use: A Longitudinal Analysis

10.1542/9781610022880-peer ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 42-49

Author(s):

Valerie A. Earnshaw ◽

Marc N. Elliott ◽

Sari L. Reisner ◽

Sylvie Mrug ◽

Michael Windle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Peer Victimization ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Early Adolescence ◽

Marijuana Use ◽

Fifth Grade ◽

Seventh Grade ◽

Tenth Grade

BACKGROUND Peer victimization is common among youth and associated with substance use. Yet, few studies have examined these associations longitudinally or the psychological processes whereby peer victimization leads to substance use. The current study examined whether peer victimization in early adolescence is associated with alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco use in mid- to late adolescence, as well as the role of depressive symptoms in these associations. METHODS Longitudinal data were collected between 2004 and 2011 from 4297 youth in Birmingham, Alabama; Houston, Texas; and Los Angeles County, California. Data were analyzed by using structural equation modeling. RESULTS The hypothesized model fit the data well (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation [RMSEA] = 0.02; Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.95). More frequent experiences of peer victimization in the fifth grade were associated with greater depressive symptoms in the seventh grade (B[SE] = 0.03[0.01]; P < .001), which, in turn, were associated with a greater likelihood of alcohol use (B[SE] = 0.03[0.01]; P = .003), marijuana use (B[SE] = 0.05[0.01]; P < .001), and tobacco use (B[SE] = 0.05[0.01]; P < .001) in the tenth grade. Moreover, fifth-grade peer victimization was indirectly associated with tenth-grade substance use via the mediator of seventh-grade depressive symptoms, including alcohol use (B[SE] = 0.01[0.01]; P = .006), marijuana use (B[SE] = 0.01[0.01]; P < .001), and tobacco use (B[SE] = 0.02[0.01]; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Youth who experienced more frequent peer victimization in the fifth grade were more likely to use substances in the tenth grade, showing that experiences of peer victimization in early adolescence may have a lasting impact by affecting substance use behaviors during mid- to late adolescence. Interventions are needed to reduce peer victimization among youth and to support youth who have experienced victimization.

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Substance use Trajectories from Early Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood: A Comparison of Smoking, Binge Drinking, and Marijuana use

Journal of Drug Issues ◽

10.1177/002204260503500205 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 307-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 170

Author(s):

Joan S. Tucker ◽

Phyllis L. Ellickson ◽

Maria Orlando ◽

Steven C. Martino ◽

David J. Klein

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

High Risk ◽

Emerging Adulthood ◽

Binge Drinking ◽

Early Adolescence ◽

Developmental Trajectories ◽

Panel Study ◽

Marijuana Use ◽

Using Data ◽

Poor Outcomes

Over the past several years, there has been growing interest in identifying distinct developmental trajectories of substance use. Using data from the RAND Adolescent/Young Adult Panel Study (N = 6,527), we synthesize our prior findings on patterns of smoking, binge drinking, and marijuana use from early adolescence (age 13) to emerging adulthood (age 23). We also present new data on how these trajectory classes compare on key psychosocial and behavioral outcomes during emerging adulthood. For each type of substance use, we found two periods of vulnerability: early adolescence and the transition to emerging adulthood. As expected, early users were at relatively high risk for poor outcomes at age 23 compared to consistent low-level users and abstainers, even if they reduced their use during adolescence. However, youths who were not early users, but steadily increased their use over time, also tended to be at relatively high risk. Results suggest that multiple prevention approaches might be needed to successfully reach at-risk youths.

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Problematic Substance Use in Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients: Rates, Clinical Correlates and Effects on Therapeutic Outcomes

Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

10.2174/2210676611666211105115828 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Xavier Benarous ◽

Pierre Morales ◽

Cora Cravero ◽

Barbara Jakubowicz ◽

Nadège Bourvis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

High Risk ◽

Clinical Global Impression ◽

Inpatient Care ◽

Psychiatric Inpatient ◽

Clinical Correlates ◽

Therapeutic Outcomes ◽

Problematic Substance Use ◽

Problematic Substance ◽

Adolescent Inpatients

Aims: : We aimed to document the clinical rates and correlates of problematic substance use among adolescent inpatients. Background: Adolescents referred to psychiatric inpatient care are likely to present family and social risk factors making them at high-risk of substance use disorder Objective: To document the rates, clinical correlates and effects on therapeutic outcomes of associated problematic substance use in adolescents referred to psychiatric inpatient care. Method: The DEP-ADO questionnaire was used to systematically screen out problematic substance use in two 12-18 adolescent inpatient units between January 2017 and December 2018. Inpatients screened positively based on the DEP-ADO questionnaire and/or information gathered from repeated interviews with the youth and his/her family were reported to the liaison addiction unit for diagnosis. Chart-review procedure was used to document clinical correlates (i.e., suicidal behavior, DSM-5 psychiatric diagnoses, the Clinical Global Impression-Severity score) and therapeutic outcomes (i.e., the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement score, change in Children-Global Assessment Scale score during patients’ stay and length of stay). Result: Over two years, 150 adolescents completed the DEP-ADO questionnaire (Mean Age =14.7 ± 1.7; 42% girls). Thirty percent of adolescent inpatients reported some type of problematic substance use, with a higher likelihood of daily tobacco use (OR=2.4), regular cannabis use (OR=2.3) and occasional opioid/heroin use (OR=9.8) compared to general population. Adolescent inpatients who misused illegal substance prior admission were 2.5 times more likely to report suicidal behaviors. A strong association was reported between binge drinking behavior and a discharge diagnosis of bipolar disorder (OR=11.0). Therapeutic outcomes were not statistically different with regards to alcohol or illicit substance use status. Conclusion: Inpatient adolescents were at high-risk of having associated problematic substance use. Patients with co-existing problematics seem to have more severe and chronic forms of mood disturbances, although the response rate to therapeutics provided during their stay were not lower compared to their counterparts without problematic substance use.

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