Heart rate and hurtful behavior from teens to adults: Paths to adult health

AbstractA low resting heart rate across development from infancy to young adulthood relates to greater aggression/hostility. Adult aggression and a high heart rate relate to health risk. Do some aggressive individuals retain low heart rate and less health risk across development while others show high heart rate and more risk? A longitudinal sample of 203 men assessed as teens (age 16.1) and adults (mean age 32.0) permitted us to assess (a) stability of heart rate levels and reactivity, (b) stability of aggression/hostility, and (c) whether change or stability related to health risk. Adults were assessed with Buss–Perry measures of aggression/hostility; teens with the Zuckerman aggression/hostility measure. Mean resting heart rate, heart rate reactivity to speech preparation, and aggression/hostility were moderately stable across development. Within age periods, mean heart rate level, but not reactivity, was negatively related to hostility/aggression. Maintaining low heart rate into adulthood was related to better health among aggressive individuals relative to those with increasing heart rate into adulthood. Analyses controlled for weight gain, socioeconomic status, race, health habits, and medication. Low heart rate as a characteristic of hostile/aggressive individuals may continue to relate to better health indices in adulthood, despite possible reversal of this relationship with aging.

Download Full-text

Mean Heart Rate Level Does Not Affect All Heart Rate Variability Indices

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09060 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Luiz Eduardo Virgilio Silva ◽

Helio Cesar Salgado ◽

Rubens Fazan

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Rate Level ◽

Heart Rate Level ◽

Mean Heart Rate

Download Full-text

Interleukin-6 and heart rate in a population-based sample:

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.103.suppl_1.9999-22 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 103 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. 1348-1348

Author(s):

Russell P Tracy ◽

Anne B Newman ◽

Jeff D Williamson ◽

Tamara B Harris ◽

Steve R Cummings

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Black Women ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

White Women ◽

Population Based ◽

Smoking History ◽

High Heart Rate ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

History Of

0022 Inflammatory cytokines enhance the spontaneous beating rate of cardiac myocytes. We hypothesize that higher levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) may be associated with a higher resting heart rate in a population-based sample. IL-6 (mean±SEM 2.39±0.5 ng/ml, range 0.21-15.96 ng/ml, n=2824) was measured in Health ABC, a cohort study of 3075 well functioning older adults living in Memphis, TN, and Pittsburgh, PA (age 73.6±0.3 years, 51.5% women, 41.7% African American). Heart rate was calculated from electrocardiogram strips recorded at the baseline clinic visit after 15 min resting in supine position. Participants with arrhythmias or conduction anomalies were excluded. After adjustment for demographics, body-mass index, smoking, history of cardiovascular disease, and use of digoxin, beta-blockers, calcium antagonists, anti-inflammatory drugs and antiarrhythmic drugs, higher log (IL-6) was significantly correlated with a higher heart rate (β=.17, p<0.001, n=2377). Such an association was significant in all race and gender strata (white men β=0.17, p<0.001; white women β=0.13, p=0.001; black men β=0.18, p<0.001; black women β=0.18, p<0.001). The overall il-6/heart rate association was even more evident when the analyses were restricted to the participants who had no history of cardiovascular disease and were not using any these cardiovascular drugs (β=0.21, p<0.001, n=1196). The table shows heart rate according to IL-6 quintiles. Circulating IL-6 was strongly and independently correlated with resting heart rate. Circulating IL-6 is a possible biological mediator that may contribute to explain the increased mortality associated with high heart rate. Table 1.

Download Full-text

Children's, Adolescents', and Young Adults' Heart Rate Reactivity to, and Recovery from, a Brief Psychological Stressor

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/016502549201500307 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 399-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christopher F. Sharpley

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Mental Arithmetic ◽

Age Groups ◽

Heart Rate Reactivity ◽

Age Cohorts ◽

Age Related ◽

Males And Females ◽

Psychological Stressor ◽

Age And Sex ◽

Mean Heart Rate

Heart rate reactivity to a 2 minute mental arithmetic stressor delivered under timed and competitive conditions and graded for age-related difficulty was collected on 148 males and 153 females grouped into five age cohorts ranging from 7 to 20 years. Data on resting heart rate, heart rate during the stressor period, and post-stressor recovery showed significant sex (females had higher heart rates) and age effects (there was a general decrease in heart rate with age). There were no significant interactions between age and sex. Mean heart rate reactivity also showed significant variation with age, but no significant differences between males and females, nor any significant interaction between age and sex. The age effect for heart rate reactivity appeared to be a result of the oldest age group having significantly greater increases in heart rate than all other age groups.

Download Full-text

The Impact of Exposure Therapy on Resting Heart Rate and Heart Rate Reactivity Among Active-Duty Soldiers With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Psychosomatic Medicine ◽

10.1097/psy.0000000000000758 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 108-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kyle J. Bourassa ◽

Elizabeth S. Stevens ◽

Andrea C. Katz ◽

Barbara O. Rothbaum ◽

Greg M. Reger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Exposure Therapy ◽

Active Duty ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Reactivity ◽

The Impact

Download Full-text

Underlying Psychophysiology of Dysregulation: Resting Heart Rate and Heart Rate Reactivity in Relation to Childhood Dysregulation

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.jaac.2018.09.434 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 58 (6) ◽

pp. 589-599 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marike H.F. Deutz ◽

Steven Woltering ◽

Helen G.M. Vossen ◽

Maja Deković ◽

Anneloes L. van Baar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Reactivity

Download Full-text

Remote Assessment of Executive Function in Preschool-Aged Children: Feasibility and Associations with Cardiac Measures

10.31234/osf.io/9djh4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lara Penner-Goeke ◽

Kathryn Hatherly ◽

Leslie E Roos ◽

Ryan Jeffrey Giuliano

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Executive Function ◽

Young Children ◽

Task Performance ◽

Completion Time ◽

Baseline Heart Rate ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Reactivity ◽

Wide Variability ◽

Remote Assessment

Assessment of executive function in young children is amongst the most commonly used cognitive assessments; however, there is a paucity of childhood executive function assessment methods which can be used remotely. Here, we present a novel adaptation of two child-friendly variants of the Stroop task (i.e., “Day-Night”; “Happy-Sad”), which were conducted remotely with a small (N=40) sample of 3-to 5-year-old children of mothers with depression, taking part of a larger clinical trial. During the assessment, children’s heart rate at baseline and during each task was measured using wrist-worn heart rate monitors. The tasks showed good feasibility in this sample, as the majority of children (80%) completed both tasks, with wide variability in task performance and completion time observed across children. Correlation analyses showed that older age and slower resting heart rate were related to better performance and faster completion time on each task. Follow-up regression analyses including age, household income, baseline heart rate, and heart rate reactivity as predictors accounted for significant variability in task performance and completion time for the Day-Night and Happy-Sad tasks. In the final models, age was a significant predictor of task performance and completion time across both tasks. Resting heart rate was not a significant predictor of task performance for either task, but was a significant predictor of completion time across tasks; children with slower resting heart rate completed the tasks faster. Despite limitations, our findings support the feasibility of online, remote assessment of executive function in young children with implications for researchers and clinicians during the Covid-19 pandemic and beyond.

Download Full-text

Regional Frontal Lobe Response Magnitudes During Affective Shifting Covary With Resting Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Volunteers

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000166 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 165-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ryan Smith ◽

John J.B. Allen ◽

Julian F. Thayer ◽

Richard D. Lane

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Emotional Reactivity ◽

Bold Signal ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽

Absolute Value ◽

Cardiac Vagal Control ◽

Resting Heart Rate Variability

Abstract. We hypothesized that in healthy subjects differences in resting heart rate variability (rHRV) would be associated with differences in emotional reactivity within the medial visceromotor network (MVN). We also probed whether this MVN-rHRV relationship was diminished in depression. Eleven healthy adults and nine depressed subjects performed the emotional counting stroop task in alternating blocks of emotion and neutral words during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The correlation between rHRV outside the scanner and BOLD signal reactivity (absolute value of change between adjacent blocks in the BOLD signal) was examined in specific MVN regions. Significant negative correlations were observed between rHRV and average BOLD shift magnitude (BSM) in several MVN regions in healthy subjects but not depressed subjects. This preliminary report provides novel evidence relating emotional reactivity in MVN regions to rHRV. It also provides preliminary suggestive evidence that depression may involve reduced interaction between the MVN and cardiac vagal control.

Download Full-text