scholarly journals Forest fragmentation in the temperate zone and its effects on migratory songbirds

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott K. Robinson ◽  
David S. Wilcove
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Tropical Deforestation ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Neotropical Migrants ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Migratory Songbirds

SummaryAlthough much attention has been paid to the impacts of tropical deforestation on populations of Neotropical migrants, fragmentation of breeding habitat may be an equally serious problem for many of these birds. Populations of many migrant songbirds have been declining in recent decades, especially within small woodlots. Censuses from woodlots of different sizes also consistently show that many migrant songbirds are area-sensitive, i.e. they are absent from all but the largest woodlots in a region. In contrast, long-term censuses from large, unfragmented forests show few consistent patterns of decline in Neotropical migrants. Population declines are therefore linked to forest fragmentation because they are most pronounced in small, isolated woodlots.

scholarly journals Forest degradation, not loss, drives widespread avian population declines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Betts ◽  
Zhiqiang Yang ◽  
Adam Hadley ◽  
Josee Rousseau ◽  
Joseph Northrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Bird Abundance

Abstract In many regions of the world, forest management has reduced old forest and simplified forest structure and composition via reliance on monoculture tree plantations. We hypothesized that such forest degradation has resulted in long-term habitat loss for forest-associated bird species of eastern Canada (130,017 km2) which, in turn, has affected bird population declines. Back-cast species distribution models revealed that despite little change in overall forest cover, breeding habitat loss occurred for 66% of the 54 most common species from 1985-2020. This habitat loss was strongly associated with population declines for 72% of species, as quantified in an independent, long-term dataset. Since 1985, net forest bird abundance has declined in this region by an estimated 33-104 million birds due to habitat loss alone. The effects of forest degradation may therefore be a primary cause of biodiversity decline in managed forest landscapes.  

scholarly journals Does Tropical Forest Fragmentation Increase Long-Term Variability of Butterfly Communities?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. e9534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison K. Leidner ◽  
Nick M. Haddad ◽  
Thomas E. Lovejoy
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Butterfly Communities

scholarly journals Social cues facilitate habitat selection: American redstarts establish breeding territories in response to song

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth A Hahn ◽  
Emily D Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Conspecific Attraction ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Settlement Cues ◽  
Migratory Songbirds ◽  
American Redstarts ◽  
Spring Arrival ◽  
Northern Temperate Forests

For migratory songbirds nesting in northern temperate forests, a short breeding season demands that males rapidly establish territories. Because critical insect and vegetation resources are unavailable during spring arrival, we suggest that conspecifics serve as settlement cues for males new to a local population. To test conspecific attraction, we conducted playback experiments with American redstarts Setophaga ruticilla . Experimental results demonstrate that song playbacks strongly attract conspecifics, recruiting an average of 4.2 additional males per plot; adult males new to our sites increased, while yearling males failed to respond. Yearlings arrived 6 to 10 days later than adults, raising the possibility that yearlings responded to songs of early arriving adults rather than to playbacks. Our work indicates that conspecific attraction is an important mechanism for breeding habitat selection in an established population of a migratory forest songbird, but the effect is moderated by age, reproductive experience and arrival timing.

Relationship Between Environmental Temperature and Yields of Subarctic and Temperate Zone Fish Species

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1829-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Schlesinger ◽  
Henry A. Regier
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Northern United States ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Curvilinear Relationships ◽  
Fish Yields

Fishes inhabiting subarctic and temperate zone lakes exhibit distinct optimal growth temperatures and temperature preferenda. However, within regional data sets, attempts to correlate fish yields with temperature variables have generally been unsuccessful. In our study, curvilinear relationships between "long-term mean annual air temperature" (TEMP) and sustained yields of three species were fitted using data from 23 intensively fished lakes in Canada and the northern United States. Optimum TEMP values for sustained yield were approximately −1.0, 1.5, and 2 °C, respectively, for lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), northern pike (Esox lucius), and walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum). These differences suggest that the influence of temperature on sustained fish yields from subarctic and temperate zone lakes may, in the past, have been underestimated.

Effects of forest fragmentation on neotropical fauna: current research and data availability

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly L. Offerman ◽  
Virginia H. Dale ◽  
Scott M. Pearson ◽  
Robert V. O'Neill ◽  
Richard O. Bierregaard Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Neotropical Fauna ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Spatially Explicit Data ◽  
Biological Dynamics

Tropical deforestation often produces landscapes characterized by isolated patches of forest habitat surrounded by pasture, agriculture, or regrowth vegetation. Both the size and the distribution of these forest patches may influence the long-term persistence of faunal species. There is, therefore, a pressing need to understand faunal responses to patterns of forest fragmentation in tropical systems. The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) provides a wealth of autecological information and spatially explicit data describing habitat use and movement of fauna between Amazonian forest fragments. Using data from the BDFFP and other studies in the Amazon Basin, this paper reviews the information available on tropical insects, frogs, birds, primates, and other mammals that can be used to identify and classify species most at risk for extirpation in fragmented forests.Key words: Amazonia, habitat fragmentation, rainforest, fauna, Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragmentation Project.

Investigation of window-opening behaviour and indoor air quality in dwellings situated in the temperate zone in China

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2092474
Author(s):  
Tingxuan Deng ◽  
Xiong Shen ◽  
Xiaojie Cheng ◽  
Junjie Liu
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
World Health ◽  
Formaldehyde Concentration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Window Opening

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a key factor that could affect the indoor environment and people's health. In this study, we report a comprehensive study on IAQ in 30 dwellings in the temperate zone in China. Thirty naturally ventilated dwellings were selected in the urban area of Kunming, which is the largest city in temperate zone in China. In four seasons, short-term measurement of formaldehyde and benzene, toluene, xylenes-volatile organic compounds and air infiltration rate were conducted in these dwellings. A long-term 1-year monitoring of temperature, relative humidity, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon dioxide (CO2), window-opening behaviour and night-time air change rate (ACR) were conducted in 13 of these dwellings by remote sensors. Short-term measurements showed the mean formaldehyde concentration in summer (100.76 μg/m3), benzene concentration in winter (8.46 µg/m3), PM2.5 concentration (80.4 µg/m3) in spring of 2017 exceeded the Chinese standard, the US Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment value and the World Health Organization guidelines. The night-time ACR was the highest in summer (2.1 h−1) and the lowest in winter (1.6 h−1) in bedrooms of 13 long-term monitored dwellings due to seasonal time variation in window opening in bedrooms, which was mainly driven by CO2 concentration, indoor temperature and outdoor PM10 concentration.

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