NEW CHROMOSOME COUNTS IN OLD WORLD GESNERIACEAE: NUMBERS FOR SPECIES HITHERTO REGARDED ASCHIRITA, AND THEIR SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Christie ◽  
S. Barber ◽  
M. Möller
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Basic Number ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Old World ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Cytological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Data ◽  
Primulina Tabacum

Chromosome numbers were determined in 23 accessions representing 21 species hitherto belonging toChirita(Gesneriaceae), a genus that has recently been remodelled and split into five different genera:Damrongia,Henckelia,Liebigia,MicrochiritaandPrimulina. The previously monotypicPrimulina tabacumwas also investigated. Counts for 19 species were new, two were confirmatory and two gave different numbers from previously published counts. The results here, together with previously published cytological data for the erstwhile genusChirita, were analysed in the light of the taxonomic revision of the genus and published phylogenetic data.Chiritawas originally highly heterogeneous in chromosome numbers, including seven different somatic numbers, 2n= 8, 18, 20, 28, 32, 34 and 36. Among the five remodelled genera,Henckeliawas found to be as equally heterogeneous as the erstwhileChirita,Microchiritaincluded only two chromosome numbers, 2n= 18 and 34, the three species ofDamrongiawere uniform with 2n= 18, while species belonging to the extendedPrimulinashowed only one basic number,x= 18, with 15 samples being diploid, and one being tetraploid. In the light of recent phylogenetic studies, polyploid as well as dysploid changes appear to have shaped the genomes of the newly defined generaHenckelia,Microchiritaand, to a lesser degree,Primulina.

New chromosome numbers for rutaceae

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Stace ◽  
JA Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Cytological Data ◽  
Taxonomic Implications

Chromosome counts for 30 taxa, representing five genera, are reported for Rutaceae subfamily Rutoideae, mostly in the Australasian tribe Boronieae. We found n = 10 for Boronia algida which is previously unreported in the genus, and a sterile triploid taxon in Zieria. Generic chromosome numbers of n = 18 in Zieria, n = 16 in Phebalium and n = 14 in Eriostemon sens. lat. occur, while Boronia shows cytoevolution on n = 18, 11, 10, 9. Pollen sterility and possible apomixis is indicated in some species. Some taxonomic implications of cytological data in the tribe Boronieae are discussed.

A SYNOPSIS OF CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES IN GESNERIACEAE

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MÖLLER ◽  
M. KIEHN
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
New World ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Old World ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Cytological Data ◽  
The Family

Our knowledge of cytological data published on members of the family Gesneriaceae is summarized and critically evaluated in the light of current taxonomic treatments and phylogenetic hypotheses. There are about 1000 published chromosome counts, covering 56% of the genera but only 18% of the species. In particular the New World tribes Beslerieae and Napeantheae and the Old World tribe Didymocarpeae are underexplored at generic level. In Gesneriaceae chromosome data are a valuable source of taxonomic characters. From our current knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships in the family we know that basic chromosome numbers in the New World subfamily Gesnerioideae appear to be rather conserved, but that a more complex pattern of genome evolution seems to be present among the Old World tribes. Both polyploidy and dysploid changes have played a significant role in the evolution of the family. However, the number of species for which both cytological and molecular data are available is at present too low to reach firm conclusions on ancestral basic chromosome numbers, particularly for the Old World group. To facilitate wider access to cytological data on the Gesneriaceae, a website has been developed (http://www.rbge.org.uk/rbge/web/search/index.jsp), which is introduced in this paper.

Chromosome numbers in the Boronieae (Rutaceae) and their bearing on the evolutionary development of the tribe in the Australian flora

1954 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Smith-White
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chromosomal Instability ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Basic Number ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
Cytological Data ◽  
Australian Flora ◽  
Two Stages

Chromosome numbers are reported for 69 species, belonging to 11 genera of the Boronieae. In comparison with the other divisions of the Rutaceae, chromosome numbers are remarkably variable, and base numbers range from 7 to 19. Seven genera and 10 species belonging to other tribes and subfamilies of the Rutaceae are also reported. In common with the Aurantoideae, Xanthoxyleae, and Ruteae, the primitive number in the Boronieae is almost certainly 9. Chromosomal evolution has involved both aneuploidy and polyploidy. In both diploid and polyploid species, chromosome pairing is essentially regular. All the polyploids, even within recognized taxonomic species, are essentially of allopolyploid constitution. Two stages in the occurrence of polyploidy can be recognized — the first giving rise to groups of generic status, and the second to polyploid species within genera. Many genera possess chromosome numbers which could be derived by aneuploid reduction, followed by polyploidy. Some fundamental change in chromosonle structure in the primitive Boronieae stock is suggested as a cause of its early chromosomal instability. From a correlation of geographical and cytological data and inference, a hypothesis of the historical development of the Boronieae in Australia is presented. Following their isolation in the continent, and the occurrence of a fundamental reorganization in chromosome structure, a period of generic radiation, with changes in basic number, occurred before the Miocene. Particular chromosome numbers are characteristic of genera. Differences in base number rank as generic rather than as specific criteria. On this basis the accepted taxonomy is essentially sound, and only minor alterations are suggested. Crowea is established, and Eriostemon lanceolatzis is separated from its congeners. Some sections of Boronia are deserving of generic rank, and B. serrulata is wrongly placed in the section Terminales.

scholarly journals New chromosome numbers in Pilocarpus Vahl (Rutaceae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Ladislau A. Skorupa
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Basic Number ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

Chromosome counts for eight species of Pilocarpus Vahl (Rutaceae) a native of Brazil are reported for the first time. Chromosome numbers were determined from mitotic root tip cells of seedlings derived from field collections and grown in the greenhouse. Feulgen staining was used. Initial pre-treatment of root tips was done by using a saturated aqueous solution of alpha-bromonapthalene for two hours at room temperature (20-25ºC). Chromosome numbers of 2n=44 and 2n=88 were determined for the examined taxa. The present results suggest the occurrence of tetraploidy in P. spicatus St.-Hil. and P. carajaensis Skorupa, and a possible basic number x=22 to the genus Pilocarpus.

scholarly journals Contribution to knowledge about genome size in members of the family Asteraceae from Turkey: First assessments in 17 taxa, with chromosome counts for nine taxa

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Huseyin Inceer ◽  
Nursen Kalmuk
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

In this study, we report genome size (C-values) estimated using flow cytometry for 18 taxa of Asteraceae from Turkey, 17 of which are here assessed for the first time. The studied taxa belong to the genera Achillea (one species), Anthemis (one subspecies), Tanacetum (four taxa) and Crepis (12 taxa). Additionally, chromosome numbers of nine taxa of Crepis are provided, four counts being new reports and the remainder confirming previous data. The 2C-values of the studied taxa range from 2.08 to 11.06 pg, which represent more than fivefold variation. The systematic and evolutionary significance of genome size is discussed within the framework of the results obtained in this study.

The Peruvian species of Cristaria (Malveae, Malvaceae): taxonomic revision, chromosome counts, and breeding system

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIO V. SCHNEIDER
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
First Time

Cristaria (Malvaceae) contains about 20 species distributed in Chile, Argentina, and Peru. Most of the species are confined to the Chilean Atacama desert, two species are shared with Argentina, and three species had been reported for Peru. Of the three species previously cited for Peru, only Cristaria multifida is recognized here. One new subspecies is described (Cristaria multifida subsp. moquipana) and a lectotype for Sida pterosperma is here designated. Nomenclatoral and taxonomic notes as well as a key to the two subspecies of Cristaria multifida are presented. Additionally, chromosome numbers for Cristaria multifida (2n = 12) are reported for the first time. Based on pollen-ovule ratios, C. multifida is considered facultatively autogamous to facultatively xenogamous.

A taxonomic revision of the genus Mesophleps Hübner, 1825 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3373 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOUHUN LI ◽  
KLAUS SATTLER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Old World

The genus Mesophleps Hübner (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is revised; 54 available names (including one unjustifiedemendation), one junior primary homonym and one unavailable name were considered; type material of 44 previouslydescribed nominal species was examined. Nine new species are described: M. acutunca sp. nov., M. bifidella sp. nov., M.unguella sp. nov., M. gigantella sp. nov., M. coffeae sp. nov., M. parvella sp. nov., M. aspina sp. nov., M. truncatella sp.nov. and M. undulatella sp. nov. Two possibly new species are discussed but not formally named for lack of material.Twenty-five new combinations are introduced: M. safranella (Legrand, 1965) comb. nov., M. epichorda (Turner, 1919)comb. nov., M. tabellata (Meyrick, 1913) comb. nov., M. crocina (Meyrick, 1904) comb. nov., M. ochracella (Turati,1926) comb. nov., M. geodes (Meyrick, 1929) comb. nov., M. catericta (Meyrick, 1927) comb. nov., M. tephrastis(Meyrick, 1904) comb. nov., M. cycnobathra (Lower, 1898) comb. nov., M. tetrachroa (Lower, 1898) comb. nov., M.ochroloma (Lower, 1901) comb. nov., M. trichombra (Lower, 1898) comb. nov., M. mylicotis (Meyrick, 1904) comb. nov.,M. macrosemus (Lower, 1900) comb. nov., M. apentheta (Turner, 1919) comb. nov., M. meliphanes (Lower, 1894) comb.nov., M. chloranthes (Lower, 1900) comb. nov., M. centrothetis (Meyrick, 1904) comb. nov., M. chloristis (Meyrick,1904) comb. nov., M. argonota (Lower, 1901) comb. nov., Megacraspedus arnaldi (Turati & Krüger, 1936) comb. nov.,Aponoea cinerellus (Turati, 1930) comb. nov., Pycnobathra acromelas (Turner, 1919) comb. nov., Sarotorna mesoleuca(Lower, 1900) comb. nov., S. dentata Meyrick, 1904, comb. nov. One species, Nothris mesophracta Turner, 1919, isremoved from Mesophleps but no current genus is available. Fourteen new synonymies (one genus, 13 species-group taxa)are established: Bucolarcha Meyrick, 1929, syn. nov. of Mesophleps Hübner, [1825]; Stiphrostola longinqua Meyrick,1923, syn. nov. and Brachyacma trychota Meyrick, 1929, syn. nov. of M. ioloncha (Meyrick, 1905); Lipatia crotalariellaBusck, 1910, syn. nov. of M. adustipennis (Walsingham, 1897); Brachyacma epichorda Turner, 1919, syn. nov. of M.epiochra (Meyrick, 1886); Mesophleps pudicellus var. apicellus Caradja, 1920, syn. nov. and Mesophleps silacellus subsp.calaritanus Amsel, 1939, syn. nov. of M. silacella (Hübner, 1796); Mesophleps lala Agenjo, [1961], syn. nov. of M.corsicella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1856); Crossobela barysphena Meyrick, 1923, syn. nov. of M. trinotella Herrich-Schäffer,1856; Mesophleps orientella Nel & Nel, 2003, syn. n. and Mesophleps gallicella Varenne & Nel, 2011, syn. nov. of M.ochracella (Turati, 1926); Nothris centrothetis Meyrick, 1904, syn. nov. and Nothris chloristis Meyrick, 1904, syn. nov.of M. chloranthes (Lower, 1900); Mesophleps cinerellus Turati, 1930, syn. nov. of Aponoea obtusipalpis Walsingham,1905. One genus and one species are recalled from synonymy: Pycnobathra Lower, 1901, gen. rev., and M. ioloncha(Meyrick, 1905) sp. rev. Lectotypes are designated, in accordance with the Code, article 74.7.3, for 14 species: Gelechiapalpigera Walsingham, 1891; Paraspistes ioloncha Meyrick, 1905; Lathontogenus adustipennis Walsingham, 1897;Brachyacma epichorda Turner, 1919; Nothris crocina Meyrick, 1904; Nothris ochracella Turati, 1926; Nothris tephrastisMeyrick, 1904; Ypsolophus ochroloma Lower, 1901; Ypsolophus macrosemus Lower, 1900; Nothris centrothetis Meyrick,1904; Nothris chloristis Meyrick, 1904; Ypsolophus argonota Lower, 1901; Mesophleps arnaldi Turati & Krüger, 1936,and Mesophleps cinerellus Turati, 1930. Mesophleps is a widely distributed Old World genus, except for one New Worldspecies, with seed-feeding larvae on Cupressaceae, Cistaceae, Cruciferae (Brassicaceae), Leguminosae (Fabaceae), Rubiaceae and doubtfully Dipterocarpaceae.

A natural intergeneric hybrid of Gesneriaceae from Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 497 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-96
Author(s):  
ANDRÉA ONOFRE DE ARAUJO ◽  
MAURO PEIXOTO ◽  
CINTIA NEVES DE SOUZA ◽  
EDUARDO CUSTÓDIO GASPARINO ◽  
JULIANA TOLEDO FARIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Natural Hybrid ◽  
Pollen Data ◽  
Cytological Data ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Structural Abnormalities

A natural hybrid between Goyazia and Mandirola (Gloxiniinae, Gesneriaceae) from Cerrado (Brazil) is here described, supported by pollen morphology, cytological data and morphological characters. The microsporogenesis of Mandirola hirsuta and that of the hybrid were analyzed in order to evaluate the cytogenetic characteristics. The haploid chromosome numbers observed were n = 12 for M. hirsuta and n = 11, 13, 16 and 26 for the hybrid. Structural abnormalities (monads, dyads, triads and micronuclei) were observed at the final of the hybrid’s meiosis. High viability rates of the pollen were recorded for Goyazia and Mandirola (>90%) and low viability for the hybrid (34.7%). The pollen grains were acetolyzed, measured and photographed for pollen morphology analysis. Quantitative pollen data were analyzed through descriptive and multivariate statistics. The hybrid has intermediate pollen characteristics between G. petraea and M. hirsuta; it is more related to G. petraea by the measures of diameters and ectoapertures; it is more similar to M. hirsuta mainly regarding the microreticulum on the mesocolpium region. The hybrid and Mandirola share vegetative and flower size, while the colors of the hybrid are similar to Goyazia. Pollen morphology, cytological data and morphological characters brought clear evidence for the recognition of the intergeneric hybrid, which we named as Goydirola x punctata.

Taxonomic revision and morphological delimitation of Oxalis sect. Ripariae (Oxalidaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 529 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-159
Author(s):  
ANELISE NUERNBERG-SILVA ◽  
PEDRO FIASCHI
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Near Threatened

Phylogenetic studies indicate that several infrageneric taxa in Oxalis require taxonomic updates to attain monophyly. In this contribution, we update the morphological delimitation of the South American Oxalis sect. Ripariae and provide a taxonomic revision of the currently accepted species. The sectional delimitation was carried out by comparing micro- and macromorphological features of Oxalis sect. Ripariae, O. sect. Corniculatae, and O. sect. Myriophyllum. These sections share yellow flowers and aerial stems. Glandular hairs and larger seeds with the surface longitudinally crested and with projections are exclusive to Oxalis sect. Ripariae. We accept 11 species in the section, including three previously placed in Oxalis sect. Corniculatae (i.e., O. eriocarpa, O. niederleinii, and O. refracta), but excluding O. serpens and O. subvillosa, which are moved to O. sect. Corniculatae. We also describe a new species (Oxalis lourteiginana), propose a new name and status for O. bifrons subsp. littoralis (now O. pampeana), the synonymization of O. irreperta with O. riparia, six second-step lectotypifications, and one epitypification. For each accepted species we provide a morphological description, illustrations, ecological and taxonomic information, conservation status following IUCN, and a geographic distribution map. Most species occur in southern Brazil, but the section is widespread also in Argentina, Uruguay, and eastern Paraguay. Six species are categorized as threatened and further three as near threatened. Besides, we provide an identification key for the taxa of the section.

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