Psychiatric morbidity in older prisoners: unrecognized and undertreated

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1354-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Kingston ◽  
Nick Le Mesurier ◽  
Graeme Yorston ◽  
Sue Wardle ◽  
Lucy Heath
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Older Prisoners ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
State Examination

ABSTRACTBackground: The aging population in prison is growing rapidly in the United Kingdom. This trend is also found in other countries worldwide. As this population increases prison authorities will need to adjust the custody process to accommodate increasing mental and physical frailty.Methods: This study examined the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and physical disorders, including dementia, in prisoners aged 50 years and over from four prisons in and around Staffordshire to see whether detection and treatment rates have improved over the past decade during which there has been a dramatic increase in the number of older prisoners. Subjects were assessed using the Geriatric Mental State Examination, the Mini-Mental State Examination and Short Form 12 and their prison records.Results: Sixty prisoners (50%) had a diagnosable mental disorder, with depression being most common, and 15 (12%) prisoners had signs of cognitive impairment. Only 18% of those with a psychiatric diagnosis were prescribed medication from the appropriate class. Physical problems were also common in this population with an average self-report of 2.26 problems per prisoner.Conclusions: Mental disorders in older prisoners are common, but despite recent training initiatives they often go undetected and untreated. Prisoners themselves accurately self-report mental disorder, but the best way of detecting dementia in the prison population remains unclear. The psychological and physical health of this prison population was poorer than that of their community-based peers.

scholarly journals Cognitive Abilities Screening: Instrument-Short Form, Mini-Mental State Examination and Functional Activities Questionnaire in the illiterate elderly

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Pravatta Rezende ◽  
Juliana Cecato ◽  
José Eduardo Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Screening Instrument ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Brazilian Version ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
State Examination

ABSTRACT Dementia prevalence is increasing in developing countries due to population aging. Brief tests for assessing cognition and activities of daily living are very useful for the diagnosis of dementia by the clinician. Low education, particularly illiteracy, is a hindrance to the diagnosis of dementia in several regions of the world. Objectives: To compare the Brazilian version of the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument-Short Form (CASI-S) with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire (PFAQ) for the diagnosis of dementia in illiterate elderly. Methods: A cross-sectional study with illiterate elderly of both genders seen at the outpatient clinics of the Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics Jundiaí, São Paulo state was performed. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to correlate CASI-S, MMSE and PFAQ scores. Results: The sample comprised 29 elderly over 57 years old whose mean scores on the CASI-S (scores ranging from 3 to 23) and the MMSE (scores ranging from 2 to 23) were 11.69 and 12.83, respectively. There was a strong significant correlation between the CASI-S and MMSE (r=0.75, p<0.001) and a moderate correlation coefficient that was significant and negative between the PFAQ and CASI-S (r= -0.53 p=0.003),similar to that between the MMSE and PFAQ (r= -0.41 p=0.025). Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the CASI-S demonstrates ease of application and correction in the illiterate elderly, and warrants further studies regarding its applicability for the diagnosis of dementia in populations with a heterogeneous educational background.

Mini-Mental State Examination and Brain Age Quotient—Short Form: Relationship and Demographic Correlates

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1177-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur MacNeill Horton ◽  
Stephanie Heller ◽  
Juhan Anilan ◽  
Antonio E. Puente
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Medical Program ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Brain Age ◽  
The Brain

Modest intercorrelations between scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Brain Age Quotient were obtained for 30 men in a VA medical program for alcoholic dependency. rs with age and education were small. As the two measures are reasonably different, they may be applied to advantage in studies of behavioral intervention.

Psychiatric morbidity and acute hospitalization in elderly people

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tze Pin Ng ◽  
Liang Feng ◽  
Peak Chiang Chiam ◽  
Ee Heok Kua
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Acute Hospitalization ◽  
Fitness And Health ◽  
State Examination

Background: Few studies have investigated the association of psychiatric morbidity with acute hospitalization risk in elderly people.Method: We examined this association using population-based data for 1092 older adults aged ≥60 years in Singapore, including subjects who reported at least one acute hospitalization from any medical condition(s) in the 12 months prior to interview (N = 136). Psychiatric morbid/comorbid disorders were diagnosed using the Geriatric Mental State examination.Results: In a multivariate analysis, comorbid psychiatric disorders were inde-pendently associated with hospitalization [adjusted odds ratio 2.76, 95% confidence interval 1.20–6.33], after controlling for age, ethnicity, employment status, number of medical comorbidities, number of activities of daily living limitations, hearing and visual impairment, SF-12 Physical and Mental Component Summary scores, social, productive, fitness and health activities, and regular visits to health-care providers. Neither dementia diagnosis nor cognitive impairment measured by the Mini-mental State Examination was associated with increased hospitalization risk.Conclusion: Psychiatric morbidity in old age was significantly associated with increased hospitalization risk. This finding underlines the importance of treating psychiatric illness to reduce the risk of acute hospitalization in elderly patients.

scholarly journals Mental and physical illness in caregivers: results from an English national survey sample

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Smith ◽  
Juliana Onwumere ◽  
Tom Craig ◽  
Sally McManus ◽  
Paul Bebbington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Symptom ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The Social ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
Survey Sample ◽  
Caregiving Roles

BackgroundCaregivers make a significant and growing contribution to the social and medical care of people with long-standing disorders. The effective provision of this care is dependent on their own continuing health.AimsTo investigate the relationship between weekly time spent caregiving and psychiatric and physical morbidity in a representative sample of the population of England.MethodPrimary outcome measures were obtained from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007. Self-report measures of mental and physical health were used, along with total symptom scores for common mental disorder derived from the Clinical Interview Schedule – Revised.ResultsIn total, 25% (n = 1883) of the sample identified themselves as caregivers. They had poorer mental health and higher psychiatric symptom scores than non-caregivers. There was an observable decline in mental health above 10 h per week. A twofold increase in psychiatric symptom scores in the clinical range was recorded in those providing care for more than 20 h per week. In adjusted analyses, there was no excess of physical disorders in caregivers.ConclusionsWe found strong evidence that caregiving affects the mental health of caregivers. Distress frequently reaches clinical thresholds, particularly in those providing most care. Strategies for maintaining the mental health of caregivers are needed, particularly as demographic changes are set to increase involvement in caregiving roles.

Hysterectomy and psychiatric disorder: are the levels of psychiatric morbidity falling?

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gath ◽  
N. Rose ◽  
A. Bond ◽  
A. Day ◽  
A. Garrod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Present State ◽  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
State Examination

SynopsisThis paper compares the findings of three studies carried out at intervals over the years 1975–1990. The three studies were concerned with different issues, but each study examined psychiatric morbidity among women undergoing hysterectomy for menorrhagia of benign origin.In all three studies levels of psychiatric morbidity were measured before the operation and 6 months after the operation. Psychiatric morbidity was measured with the Present State Examination (PSE) (Wing et al. 1974), and with established self-report questionnaires. Levels of psychiatric morbidity fell significantly across the three studies. In Study 1, the proportions of psychiatric cases were 58% before hysterectomy and 26% after; in Study 2, 28% before and 7% after; and in Study 3, 9% before and 4% after.The decline in psychiatric morbidity was not associated with demographic and social characteristics, previous psychiatric history, family psychiatric history, the nature of the women's menstrual complaints, or the women's understanding and expectations of the operation.In Study 3 anti-menorrhagic drugs were prescribed twice as frequently as in the two previous studies; while the prescribing of psychotropic medication was significantly higher in Study 1 than in Study 2 or Study 3. The implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Sex Differences on Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-Mental State Examination Scores and the Value of Self-Report of Memory Problems among Community Dwelling People 70 Years and above: The HUNT Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Knut Engedal ◽  
Linda Gjøra ◽  
Thea Bredholt ◽  
Pernille Thingstad ◽  
Gro Gujord Tangen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Memory Problems ◽  
Hunt Study ◽  
Item Scores ◽  
State Examination

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The aims were to examine if the total and item scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and self-reported memory problems differed between older women and men, and if self-reported memory problems were associated with scores on the 2 tests. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We included 309 home-dwelling people aged 70 years and older, 155 women, mean age 75.6 (SD 4.1) years, and 154 men, mean age 76.0 (SD 4.6) years. They were examined with MoCA and MMSE, and they answered 2 questions: “have you experienced any memory problems” and “have you experienced significant memory problems the last 5 years?” <b><i>Results:</i></b> The participants scored significantly higher on the MMSE (women 28.0 [1.8], men 28.4 [1.4]) than on MoCA (women 24.6 [3.3], men 24.3 [3.1]). Spearman’s rho was 0.36 between the tests. Women scored significantly higher than men on delayed recall of MoCA (3.0 [1.6] vs. 2.4 [1.6]), whereas men scored significantly higher on visuoconstruction (3.8 [1.2] vs. 3.5 [1.0]) and serial subtraction on MoCA (2.7 [0.6] vs. 2.5 [0.8]) and serial sevens on MMSE (4.5 [0.8] vs. 4.1 [1.1]). Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that female sex, younger age, and higher education were associated with a higher score on MoCA, whereas age and education were associated with a higher score on MMSE. About half of the participants (no sex difference) had experienced significant memory problems the last 5 years, and they had significantly lower scores on both tests. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The MoCA score was associated with sex, age, and education, whereas sex did not influence the MMSE score. The question “have you experienced significant memory problems the last 5 years?” may be useful to evaluate older people’s cognition.

Mini-Mental State Examination and Brain Age Quotient—Short Form: Relationship and Demographic Correlates

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3-2) ◽  
pp. 1177-1178
Author(s):  
Arthur MacNeill Horton ◽  
Stephanie Heller ◽  
Juhan Anilane ◽  
Antonio E. Puente
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Medical Program ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Brain Age ◽  
The Brain

Modest intercorrelations between scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Brain Age Quotient were obtained for 30 men in a VA medical program for alcoholic dependency. rs with age and education were small. As the two measures are reasonably different, they may be applied to advantage in studies of behavioral intervention.

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