The Health Environmental Effects of the Mt. St. Helens Volcanic Eruption of 1980

Author(s):  
Jacob L. Heller

St. Helens is one of a group of high volcanic peaks that dominate the Cascade Range between northern California and southern British Columbia, Canada. The distribution is in a band that roughly parallels the coastline of the so-called “Ring of Fire,” a near circular array of volcanoes located on islands, peninsulas and the margins of continents that rim the Pacific Ocean.

Oryx ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-211
Author(s):  
Genevieve Barteaux

To understand the interior of British Columbia the reader must realize that the white man's history there is short, for Alex Mackenzie was the first white man to make his way overland to the Bella Coola Valley in 1793. Three years later, on his journey to the Pacific Ocean, he followed the Mackenzie River to Mackenzie Bay on the Beaufert Sea.


2013 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 90-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingbo Li ◽  
Dave Mackas ◽  
Brian Hunt ◽  
Jake Schweigert ◽  
Evgeny Pakhomov ◽  
...  

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 930-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa M Burg ◽  
Andrew W Trites ◽  
Michael J Smith

The genetic diversity and population structure of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) along the coasts of British Columbia and parts of Alaska were investigated using both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA. A 475-bp fragment of the mitochondrial control region was amplified and sequenced from 128 animals. Sixty variable sites defined 72 mtDNA haplotypes with pairwise nucleotide differences as high as 5%. Fifty-eight haplotypes were represented by a single individual, and shared haplotypes were generally restricted to a small geographic range. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed two distinct populations comprising (i) southern British Columbia and (ii) northern British Columbia - southeast Alaska. Furthermore, the order of the clades suggests that the Pacific Ocean was colonized at least twice, 670 000 and 380 000 years ago. Haplotypes from the first invasion are restricted to a small number of seals around southern Vancouver Island. Analyses of five polymorphic microsatellite loci showed significant differences between the populations of southern British Columbia and northern British Columbia - Alaska. Migration rates for males based on microsatellite data (3-22 seals/generation) were higher than those obtained for females from mtDNA data (0.3 females/generation). Combining all the DNA data collected to date suggests that there are at least three populations of harbour seals in the Pacific composed of seals from (i) Japan, Russia, Alaska, and northern British Columbia, (ii) southern British Columbia and Puget Sound, Washington, and (iii) the outer coasts of Washington, Oregon, and California. The data do not support the existence of two subspecies of harbour seals in the Pacific Ocean.


1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1943-1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Sekerak

Sixty-six specimens of Sebastodes alutus, the Pacific ocean perch, collected from the coast of Oregon and British Columbia were examined for parasitic copepods. The six species identified are Chondracanthus pinguis Wilson, 1912, Chondracanthus triventricosus sp.nov., Clavella parva Wilson, 1912, Brachiella robusta (Wilson 1912) Kabata, 1970, Colobomatus kyphosus sp.nov., and Sarcotaces arcticus Collett 1874. Colobomatus kyphosus is the second species of the genus to be described from the eastern Pacific and Ch. triventricosus is the second chondracanthid to be found in nasal cavities. Sarcotaces arcticus is reported as a parasite of S. alutus for the first time. Details of the appendages of each new species are described and illustrated.


1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2902-2906 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Arthur ◽  
J. Lom

Sphaerospora araii n. sp., from the lumen of the kidney tubules of Raja rhina collected from the Pacific Ocean off British Columbia, Canada, is described and illustrated. It is distinguished from all previously described members of the genus by the large dimensions of the mature spore (length of 14.3–18.4 μm), the high number of coils of the polar filament (7–9), and the pattern of valvular ornamentation. A list of named species of Sphaerospora is appended and the following new combinations are proposed: Sphaerospora brevis (Polyansky. 1955) for Myxoproteus brevis; S. hypophthalmichthydis (Chen and Hsieh, 1984) for Podospora hypophthalmichthydis: Mitraspora donecae (Gazimagomedov, 1970) for Sphaerospora donecae; Mitraspora dubinini (Shulman, 1962) for Sphaerospora dubinini; Ortholinea irregularis (Kabata, 1962) for Sphaerospora irregularis; Ortholinea percotti (Dogiel and Akhmerov in Akhmerov, I960) for Sphaerospora percotti; and Ortholinea undulans (Meglitsch, 1970) for Sphaerospora undulans.


Author(s):  
David B. Fissel ◽  
Yuehua Lin ◽  
Alison Scoon ◽  
Jose Lim ◽  
Leslie Brown ◽  
...  

The Nass River discharges into Nass Bay and Iceberg Bay, which are adjoining tidal inlets located within the northern inland waters of British Columbia, Canada. After the Skeena River, the Nass River is the second longest river within northern British Columbia, which discharges directly into Canadian waters of the Pacific Ocean. It is also supports one of the most productive salmon fisheries in northern British Columbia. The Nass River discharges into the eastern end of Nass Bay. Nass Bay, in turn feeds into Portland Canal and the fresh surface waters then flows westward to the Pacific Ocean via Dixon Entrance. The tides in Northern British Columbia are very large with a tidal height range of just over 7 m. Nass Bay is a shallow inlet of less than 10 km in length with typical water depths of than 10 m or less. The existing knowledge of oceanographic processes in Nass and Iceberg Bays was rudimentary until three years ago, when the first modern oceanographic measurements were obtained. In this study, the seasonal and tidal variability of the lateral extent of the Nass River surface plume is mapped from analyses of Landsat satellite data spanning the period from 2008 to 2015. A high resolution coupled three dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model was developed and implemented, within the widely used and accepted Delft3D modeling framework, which was forced and validated using recent 2013-2016 in-situ oceanographic measurements. The combined satellite and numerical modeling methods are used to study the physical oceanographic and sediment transport regime of Nass and Iceberg Bays and the adjoining waters of Portland Inlet and Observatory Inlet. The ocean circulation of Nass and Iceberg Bays was found to be dominated by tidal currents, and by the highly seasonal and variable Nass River freshwater discharges. Complex lateral spatial patterns in the tidal currents occur due to the opening of the southwestern side of Nass Bay onto the deeper adjoining waters of Iceberg Bay. Surface winds are limited to a secondary role in the circulation variability. The sediment dynamics of the Nass Bay system features a very prominent surface sediment plume present from the time of freshet in mid-spring through to large rainfall runoff events in the fall. The time-varying turbidity distribution and transport paths of the Nass River sediment discharges in the study area were characterized using the model results combined with an analysis of several high-resolution multi-year Landsat satellite data sets.


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