scholarly journals (A129) A Pediatric Surgeon's Viewpoint of a Concealed Disaster

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s36-s36
Author(s):  
A. Fette ◽  
K. Paya
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Care ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Pediatric Surgeon ◽  
General Management ◽  
Psychological Harm ◽  
Traumatic Stress Disorders ◽  
Age Range

Childhood is one of the most vulnerable parts in a human's life. Thus, any physical and psychological harm against children requires special attention, especially if inflicted and not accidental. Such children should be considered multi-trauma victims and managed by a multidisciplinary team and trauma algorithm. In this team of specialized carers, the pediatric surgeon will import his/her expertise on general management and treatment and simultaneously refer basic knowledge to more junior doctors that might be in charge in the future. Fifty-eight injured victims (mean age = 1.5 years of age, range = 1 day–18 years of age, male:female ratio = 1:1) were analyzed in this study. Their injuries were subcategorized into battery (13), assault (11), neglect (3), sexual abuse (2), prevention failure (6), career-related (19), and miscellaneous (5). All victims were first seen by a pediatric surgeon before receiving multidisciplinary consultations. Treatment results and modalities varied according to the complexity of the diagnoses requiring a well-trained and skilled pediatric surgeon. Accompanying post-traumatic stress disorders within the children as well as psychological distress among the parents and grandparents were quite frequent. Besides medico-surgical treatment, empathic care is essential. In the majority of cases the children, benefited from pediatric surgical care.

„Meine Seele ist vom Sturm getrieben …“

Millennium ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-202
Author(s):  
Patrick Reinard ◽  
Christian Rollinger
Keyword(s):  
War Trauma ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Traumatic Stress Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic

AbstractA contribution to a scholarly controversy that has been on-going for a quarter century now, this article provides a critical review of previous studies on the existence of post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) as a consequence of extreme violence in the ancient world. It highlights methodological difficulties in attempting to ‘diagnose’ psychological illnesses across a distance of more than two millennia by means of highly stylized literary texts. Simultaneously, it introduces crucial new evidence in the form of a late antique papyrus originally published in 1924 (P.Oxy. 16/1873), which has hitherto been almost completely ignored by scholarship. The papyrus, a letter written by a man called Martyrios in sixth century Lycopolis and addressed to his father, recounts psychological war trauma as a result of an attack on his hometown. He does so in a first-person perspective, using a highly select and unusual vocabulary to describe his emotional impairment. Because of its syntactical and vocabulary extravagance, this letter is sometimes seen as a fictional literary reflex. The authors argue, on the contrary, that this letter is the only reliable documentary evidence for psychological war trauma from the ancient world known so far.

scholarly journals PAI-1 protein is a key molecular effector in the transition from normal to PTSD-like fear memory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bouarab ◽  
V. Roullot-Lacarrière ◽  
M. Vallée ◽  
A. Le Roux ◽  
C. Guette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Glucocorticoid Hormones ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Traumatic Stress Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Very High ◽  
Moderate Stress ◽  
Pai 1

AbstractModerate stress increases memory and facilitates adaptation. In contrast, intense stress can induce pathological memories as observed in post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD). A shift in the balance between the expression of tPA and PAI-1 proteins is responsible for this transition. In conditions of moderate stress, glucocorticoid hormones increase the expression of the tPA protein in the hippocampal brain region which by triggering the Erk1/2MAPK signaling cascade strengthens memory. When stress is particularly intense, very high levels of glucocorticoid hormones then increase the production of PAI-1 protein, which by blocking the activity of tPA induces PTSD-like memories. PAI-1 levels after trauma could be a predictive biomarker of the subsequent appearance of PTSD and pharmacological inhibition of PAI-1 activity a new therapeutic approach to this debilitating condition.

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