Odor detection, learning, and memory in Huntington's disease

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 609-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOANNE M. HAMILTON ◽  
CLAIRE MURPHY ◽  
JANE S. PAULSEN
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Odor Recognition ◽  
Odor Detection ◽  
Odor Learning ◽  
Olfactory Testing ◽  
Learning Test

We compared 7 mildly affected Huntington's disease (HD) patients to 7 age- and education-matched healthy controls (NC) on an odor detection test, the California Odor Learning Test, and the California Verbal Learning Test. Results demonstrated that odor detection sensitivity, but not group membership, accounted for significant variance in total olfactory learning. Both groups learned fewer items in the olfactory modality compared to the verbal modality, but retained a similar amount following a delay. No group differences were demonstrated for verbal recognition discriminability, but the HD group demonstrated significantly impaired odor recognition discriminability. Finally, odor detection provided excellent classification sensitivity and specificity between the patients and controls, suggesting that olfactory testing may provide a sensitive measure of the early disease process in HD. (JINS, 1999, 5, 609–615.)

Sensory- and memory-mediated olfactory dysfunction in Huntington's disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Nordin ◽  
Jane S. Paulsen ◽  
Claire Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Intensity Discrimination ◽  
Olfactory Sensitivity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Odor Recognition ◽  
Gender And Education

AbstractNeuropathology in Huntington's disease (HD) known to project to areas that process olfactory information raises the questions of which olfactory function, if any, is most affected in HD, and how to explain such dysfunction in terms of olfactory sensitivity and cognition. These questions were studied by comparing HD patients and controls (matched for age, gender, and education) on absolute detection, intensity discrimination, quality discrimination, short-term recognition memory, and lexical- and picture-based identification for odor. Taste or vision were used as comparison modalities. The results suggest that whereas odor-recognition memory is not affected in patients with HD, these patients have impaired olfactory functioning with respect to absolute detection, intensity discrimination, quality discrimination, and identification. The three latter impairments were significantly explained by poor detection sensitivity. Odor identification was the function most affected. (JINS, 1995, I, 281–290.)

scholarly journals New Yes/No Recognition Memory Analysis on the California Verbal Learning Test-3: Clinical Utility in Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 833-841
Author(s):  
Lisa V. Graves ◽  
Heather M. Holden ◽  
Emily J. Van Etten ◽  
Lisa Delano-Wood ◽  
Mark W. Bondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
California Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Semantic Interference ◽  
Memory Disorder ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Learning Test

AbstractObjectives: The third edition of the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT-3) includes a new index termed List A versus Novel/Unrelated recognition discriminability (RD) on the Yes/No Recognition trial. Whereas the Total RD index incorporates false positive (FP) errors associated with all distractors (including List B and semantically related items), the new List A versus Novel/Unrelated RD index incorporates only FP errors associated with novel, semantically unrelated distractors. Thus, in minimizing levels of source and semantic interference, the List A versus Novel/Unrelated RD index may yield purer assessments of yes/no recognition memory independent of vulnerability to source memory difficulties or semantic confusion, both of which are often seen in individuals with primarily frontal-system dysfunction (e.g., early Huntington’s disease [HD]). Methods: We compared the performance of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and HD in mild and moderate stages of dementia on CVLT-3 indices of Total RD and List A versus Novel/Unrelated RD. Results: Although AD and HD subgroups exhibited deficits on both RD indices relative to healthy comparison groups, those with HD generally outperformed those with AD, and group differences were more robust on List A versus Novel/Unrelated RD than on Total RD. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the clinical utility of the new CVLT-3 List A versus Novel/Unrelated RD index, which (a) maximally assesses yes/no recognition memory independent of source and semantic interference; and (b) provides a greater differentiation between individuals whose memory disorder is primarily at the encoding/storage level (e.g., as in AD) versus at the retrieval level (e.g., as in early HD). (JINS, 2018, 24, 833–841)

The Visual Spatial Learning Test: Differential impairment during the premanifest and manifest stages of Huntington's disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Pirogovsky ◽  
Diane R. Nicoll ◽  
Dillon M. Challener ◽  
Elizabeth Breen ◽  
Shea Gluhm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Learning Test

G06 Verbal learning and memory in preclinical Huntington's disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A32.3-A33
Author(s):  
T-B Robins Wahlin ◽  
A Frick ◽  
Å Wahlin ◽  
G Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning

scholarly journals Effect of Worry Level on Recall Memory for Odors in ApoE-ε4 Carriers and Non-Carriers

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (05) ◽  
pp. 546-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily S. Bower ◽  
Jacquelyn Szajer ◽  
Claire Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
Preclinical Ad ◽  
Odor Memory ◽  
Odor Learning ◽  
Learning Test

AbstractObjective: Increased levels of worry, age, and presence of the apolipoprotein-E (ApoE)-ε4 allele are associated with the risk of developing cognitive declines and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Odor memory performance has been shown to vary as a function of age and ApoE genotype, and odor memory tests are sensitive to preclinical AD. Worry is known to influence verbal memory; however, its effects on odor memory are unknown. This study aimed to assess the relationships between worry, age, and ε4 status on odor memory. Method: Worry was evaluated for young (n = 53) and older (n = 45) adults using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Odor memory was assessed using the California Odor Learning Test, an olfactory analogue to the California Verbal Learning Test. Results: A significant main effect of worry on long-delay free recall was found, such that increasing worry was associated with better recall across age and ε4 status. A significant interaction effect between ε4 status and worry on both short-and long-delay cued recall was found, such that across age, higher worry was associated with increased cued recall scores among ε4-negative adults, and decreased scores among ε4-positive adults. Conclusions: Findings demonstrated that worry influences odor memory and exerts a particular effect on cued recall among ε4 carriers who are at a greater risk of developing AD. Worry is a modifiable predictor of cognitive decline and risk of dementia in aging. Future studies on the effects of treatments aimed at reducing worry (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapies for anxiety) on changes in cognitive functioning are warranted.

scholarly journals Cognitive Control, Learning, and Clinical Motor Ratings Are Most Highly Associated with Basal Ganglia Brain Volumes in the Premanifest Huntington’s Disease Phenotype

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria B. Misiura ◽  
Spencer Lourens ◽  
Vince D. Calhoun ◽  
Jeffrey Long ◽  
Jeremy Bockholt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Disease Phenotype ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Subcortical Brain

AbstractObjectives:Huntington’s disease (HD) is a debilitating genetic disorder characterized by motor, cognitive and psychiatric abnormalities associated with neuropathological decline. HD pathology is the result of an extended chain of CAG (cytosine, adenine, guanine) trinucleotide repetitions in theHTTgene. Clinical diagnosis of HD requires the presence of an otherwise unexplained extrapyramidal movement disorder in a participant at risk for HD. Over the past 15 years, evidence has shown that cognitive, psychiatric, and subtle motor dysfunction is evident decades before traditional motor diagnosis. This study examines the relationships among subcortical brain volumes and measures of emerging disease phenotype in prodromal HD, before clinical diagnosis.Methods:The dataset includes 34 cognitive, motor, psychiatric, and functional variables and five subcortical brain volumes from 984 prodromal HD individuals enrolled in the PREDICT HD study. Using cluster analyses, seven distinct clusters encompassing cognitive, motor, psychiatric, and functional domains were identified. Individual cluster scores were then regressed against the subcortical brain volumetric measurements.Results:Accounting for site and genetic burden (the interaction of age and CAG repeat length) smaller caudate and putamen volumes were related to clusters reflecting motor symptom severity, cognitive control, and verbal learning.Conclusions:Variable reduction of the HD phenotype using cluster analysis revealed biologically related domains of HD and are suitable for future research with this population. Our cognitive control cluster scores show sensitivity to changes in basal ganglia both within and outside the striatum that may not be captured by examining only motor scores. (JINS, 2017,23, 159–170)

scholarly journals New Intrusion Analyses on the CVLT-3: Utility in Distinguishing the Memory Disorders of Alzheimer’s versus Huntington’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (08) ◽  
pp. 878-883
Author(s):  
Lisa V. Graves ◽  
Heather M. Holden ◽  
Emily J. Van Etten ◽  
Lisa Delano-Wood ◽  
Mark W. Bondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Memory Disorders ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Intrusion Errors

AbstractObjectives: Research has shown that analyzing intrusion errors generated on verbal learning and memory measures is helpful for distinguishing between the memory disorders associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurological disorders, including Huntington’s disease (HD). Moreover, preliminary evidence suggests that certain clinical populations may be prone to exhibit different types of intrusion errors. Methods: We examined the prevalence of two new California Verbal Learning Test-3 (CVLT-3) intrusion subtypes – across-trial novel intrusions and across/within trial repeated intrusions – in individuals with AD or HD. We hypothesized that the encoding/storage impairment associated with medial-temporal involvement in AD would result in a greater number of novel intrusions on the delayed recall trials of the CVLT-3, whereas the executive dysfunction associated with subcortical-frontal involvement in HD would result in a greater number of repeated intrusions across trials. Results: The AD group generated significantly more across-trial novel intrusions than across/within trial repeated intrusions on the delayed cued-recall trials, whereas the HD group showed the opposite pattern on the delayed free-recall trials. Conclusions: These new intrusion subtypes, combined with traditional memory analyses (e.g., recall versus recognition performance), promise to enhance our ability to distinguish between the memory disorders associated with primarily medial-temporal versus subcortical-frontal involvement.

Are all subcortical dementias Alike?: Verbal learning and memory in Parkinson's and huntington's disease patients

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 729-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Massman ◽  
Dean C. Delis ◽  
Nelson Butters ◽  
Bonnie E. Levin ◽  
David P. Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning

Error Analysis in Neuropsychological Assessment of Verbal Memory and Learning

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Heubrock
Keyword(s):  
Error Analysis ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Learning Disorders ◽  
Memory And Learning ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Learning Test

Performance on a German version of the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) was investigated for 64 juvenile patients who were subdivided in 6 clinical groups. In addition to standard evaluation of AVLT protocols which is usually confined to items recalled correctly, an error analysis was performed. Differentiating between total errors (TE), repetition errors (RE), and misnamings (ME), substantial differences between clinical groups could be demonstrated. It is argued that error analysis of verbal memory and learning enriches the understanding of neuropsychological syndromes, and provides additional information for diagnostic and clinical use. Thus, it is possible to gain a more accurate picture so that patients can be appropriately retrained, and research into the functional causes of memory and learning disorders can be intensified.

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