Green accounting using imperfect, current prices

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Cairns
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
National Income ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Partial Equilibrium ◽  
Shadow Prices ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium Models ◽  
Green Accounting

Especially in developing countries, natural resources and the environment are not optimally managed. Even so, it is possible for green accounts based on current prices to measure the realized contributions of the environment to net product. The prices for use in the green accounts, however, are not necessarily shadow prices as would be recommended by cost–benefit analysis: in practice, green or comprehensive NNP is an approximation of an index of welfare. The fact that a linearization of generalized national income is used implies that disaggregated, partial-equilibrium models of resources are useful.

Cost-benefit analysis in developing countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euston Quah ◽  
Tsiat Siong Tan ◽  
Zach J.L. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis

The Historical Evolution of Alternative Metrics for Developing Countries’ Food and Agriculture Policy Assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-334
Author(s):  
Tim Josling
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Equilibrium Models ◽  
Policy Assessment ◽  
General Equilibrium Models

The demand for quantitative assessments of the impacts of food and agricultural policies has grown steadily in the past four decades. From the application of social cost-benefit analysis to investments in developing countries in the 1970s to the use of increasingly sophisticated general equilibrium models today, the menu of available techniques for policy assessment has expanded rapidly. In addition, both partial and general equilibrium models have been developed to analyze world markets for agricultural commodities and the effects of government policies on such markets. Alongside the modeling of markets and the quantitative impact of policies, several indicators have been developed that build on trade policy measures, including effective protection and tariff equivalents. One example is the producer subsidy equivalent. This has been used by the OECD to estimate the level of support provided by government policies to the agricultural sector. The indicators have more recently been applied to developing countries as a form of benchmarking to give a snapshot of the transfers among stakeholders inherent in such policies.

scholarly journals Fetal Down syndrome screening models for developing countries; Part II: Cost-benefit analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanane Wanapirak ◽  
Piyaluk Buddhawongsa ◽  
Woraluck Himakalasa ◽  
Auttapan Sarnwong ◽  
Theera Tongsong
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Secondary Screening

Abstract Background To identify the most cost-beneficial model as a national policy of screening and diagnosis of fetal Down syndrome (DS) in developing countries. Methods Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) was performed based on the effectiveness and probabilities derived from a large prospective study on MSS (maternal serum screening) among Thai population. Various models including maternal age alone, STS (second trimester screen), I-S (independent screen: first or second trimester screen depending on the time of first visit), C-S (contingent serum screen) plus STS, maternal age with NIPS (non-invasive prenatal test), STS alone with NIPS, I-S with NIPS, C-S plus STS with NIPS, and Universal NIPS were compared. Results I-S with NIPS as a secondary screening was most cost-beneficial (Benefit/Cost ratio 4.28). Cost-benefit is directly related to the costs of NIPS. Conclusion In addition to simplicity and feasibility, I-S with expensive NIPS as a secondary screening is the most cost-beneficial method for low resource settings and should be included in universal healthcare coverage as a national policy. This study could be a model for developing countries or a guideline for international health organizations to help low resource countries, probably leading to a paradigm shift in prenatal diagnosis of fetal DS in the developing world.

Who Gains?

2005 ◽  
Vol 1906 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Mogens Fosgerau ◽  
Niels Buus Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Partial Equilibrium ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
European Network ◽  
Partial Equilibrium Model ◽  
Infrastructure Project ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Public Decision

A public decision by several countries on whether to cofinance an international infrastructure project is the subject of a cost–benefit analysis (CBA). The CBA elements are broken out and analyzed for each country. The issue of freight user benefits is discussed, and results are derived from a partial equilibrium model and point toward practical applicability. A recent analysis of the Fehmarn Belt Bridge, which will connect Denmark and Germany in a link in the Trans-European Network for Transport, is used for illustrative purposes.

scholarly journals "Shadow Prices for Pakistan: An Assessment of Alternative Estimates" - A Reply

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-77
Author(s):  
John Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Shadow Prices ◽  
Social Analysis ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Weighting System ◽  
Project Appraisal ◽  
Shadow Pricing ◽  
General Thrust

Ms. Tsakok (I) has done a useful job in summarising and commenting on the various estimates of shadow prices which appeared in the symposium on shadow pricing in Pakistan, published in the Summer 1979 issue of this Review. However, her discussion of my paper in the symposium (3) 1 is misleading regarding a number of points of detail, and, more seriously, obscures the general thrust of the argument. Considering the detailed points first, Ms. Tsakok is concerned with a comparison of the values of the key shadow prices given in the different studies as well as with the explanations for the variations between the different estimates. However, JW discusses not the estimation of a set of shadow prices for Pakistan, but the broader question of the implications of the use of an income-weighting system, described conventionally as 'social' analysis, in project appraisal. The shadow prices attributed to my work in Table I of Ms. Tsakok's paper (II are not in fact contained in JW. but are taken from an earlier mimeographed paper written in 1977. These shadow prices are preliminary estimates, which are not used in my more detailed study on cost benefit analysis in Pakistan [2]. Furthermore, It is strange to find these estimates cited, since they conflict with the analysis of JW, which is the paper under review.

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