State-of-the-Art Three-Dimensional Chemical Characterization of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Using Focused Ion Beam Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Tomography

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1261-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Priebe ◽  
Pierre Bleuet ◽  
Gael Goret ◽  
Jerome Laurencin ◽  
Dario Montinaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Porous Electrodes ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Secondary Ion

AbstractIn this paper the potential of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy combined with focused ion beam technology to characterize the composition of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) in three-dimension is demonstrated. The very high sensitivity of this method allows even very small amounts of elements/compounds to be detected and localized. Therefore, interlayer diffusion of elements between porous electrodes and presence of pollutants can be analyzed with a spatial resolution of the order of 100 nm. However, proper element recognition and mass interference still remain important issues. Here, we present a complete elemental analysis of the SOFC as well as techniques that help to validate the reliability of obtained results. A discussion on origins of probable artifacts is provided.

scholarly journals A Multiscale Approach to the Numerical Simulation of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Mozdzierz ◽  
Katarzyna Berent ◽  
Shinji Kimijima ◽  
Janusz S. Szmyd ◽  
Grzegorz Brus
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Multiscale Model ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Correct Prediction ◽  
Multiscale Approach ◽  
Oxide Fuel

The models of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), which are available in the open literature,may be categorized into two non-overlapping groups: microscale or macroscale. Recent progressin computational power makes it possible to formulate a model which combines both approaches,the so-called multiscale model. The novelty of this modeling approach lies in the combination ofthe microscale description of the transport phenomena and electrochemical reactions’ with thecomputational fluid dynamics model of the heat and mass transfer in an SOFC. In this work,the mathematical model of a solid oxide fuel cell which takes into account the averaged microstructureparameters of electrodes is developed and tested. To gain experimental data, which are used toconfirm the proposed model, the electrochemical tests and the direct observation of the microstructurewith the use of the focused ion beam combined with the scanning electron microscope technique(FIB-SEM) were conducted. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data fromthe short stack examination and a fair agreement is found, which shows that the proposed modelcan predict the cell behavior accurately. The mechanism of the power generation inside the SOFC isdiscussed and it is found that the current is produced primarily near the electrolyte–electrode interface.Simulations with an artificially changed microstructure does not lead to the correct prediction of thecell characteristics, which indicates that the microstructure is a crucial factor in the solid oxide fuelcell modeling.

A Method for Quantitative 3D Mesoscale Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Microstructures Using Xe-plasma Focused Ion Beam (PFIB) Coupled with SEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 2159-2170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubayyat Mahbub ◽  
Tim Hsu ◽  
William K Epting ◽  
Noel T. Nuhfer ◽  
Gregory A Hackett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Mesoscale Analysis

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Ni-YSZ Anode Interconnectivity

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Wilson ◽  
Marcio Gameiro ◽  
Konstantin Mischaikow ◽  
William Kalies ◽  
Peter W. Voorhees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Electrochemically Active ◽  
Fuel Cell Electrode ◽  
Cell Electrode

AbstractA method is described for quantitatively analyzing the level of interconnectivity of solid-oxide fuel cell electrode phases. The method was applied to the three-dimensional microstructure of a Ni–Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 (Ni-YSZ) anode active layer measured by focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy. Each individual contiguous network of Ni, YSZ, and porosity was identified and labeled according to whether it was contiguous with the rest of the electrode. It was determined that the YSZ phase was 100% connected, whereas at least 86% of the Ni and 96% of the pores were connected. Triple-phase boundary (TPB) segments were identified and evaluated with respect to the contiguity of each of the three phases at their locations. It was found that 11.6% of the TPB length was on one or more isolated phases and hence was not electrochemically active.

Stress analysis of solid oxide fuel cell anode microstructure reconstructed from focused ion beam tomography

2011 ◽  
Vol 196 (21) ◽  
pp. 9018-9021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Clague ◽  
P.R. Shearing ◽  
P.D. Lee ◽  
Z. Zhang ◽  
D.J.L. Brett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Anode Microstructure ◽  
Cell Anode ◽  
Focused Ion Beam Tomography ◽  
Fuel Cell Anode

scholarly journals Microstructure Evolution in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack Quantified with Interfacial Free Energy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3476
Author(s):  
Tomasz A. Prokop ◽  
Grzegorz Brus ◽  
Janusz S. Szmyd
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Degradation of electrode microstructure is one of the key factors affecting long term performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell systems. Evolution of a multiphase system can be described quantitatively by the change in its interfacial energy. In this paper, we discuss free energy of a microstructure to showcase the anisotropy of its evolution during a long-term performance experiment involving an SOFC stack. Ginzburg Landau type functional is used to compute the free energy, using diffuse phase distributions based on Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy images of samples taken from nine different sites within the stack. It is shown that the rate of microstructure evolution differs depending on the position within the stack, similar to phase anisotropy. However, the computed spatial relation does not correlate with the observed distribution of temperature.

Mass Transfer in Functionally Graded Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrodes

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric S. Greene ◽  
Wilson K. S. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Porous Electrodes ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Internal Reforming ◽  
Ohmic Losses ◽  
Physical Phenomena

A 1-D computational model is presented in which performance of a solid oxide fuel cell with functionally graded electrodes can be predicted. The model calculates operational cell voltages with varying geometric and operational parameters. The model accounts for losses from mass transport through the porous electrodes, ohmic losses from current flow through the electrodes and electrolyte, and activation polarization. It also includes a model for the full or partial internal reforming of methane. The model was applied to investigate the effect of electrode porosity distribution on performance. Specifically the physical phenomena that occur when the electrode is designed with a change in microstructure along its thickness is studied. The general trends that occur are investigated to find the arrangement for which the minimal polarization occurs. Both diluted hydrogen fuel and partially reformed methane streams are investigated. It is concluded that performance benefits are seen when the electrodes are given an increase in porosity near the electrolyte interface.

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