scholarly journals Diffuse Interstellar Band Profiles

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (S297) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
P. J. Sarre
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Diffuse Band ◽  
Diffuse Interstellar Bands ◽  
Gas Phase Molecules ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Promising Avenue

AbstractA short review of the profiles of diffuse interstellar bands and their possible interpretation is given, largely from the perspective of absorption by gas-phase molecules. Potentially a crucial source of information on the nature of the diffuse band carriers, profile studies provide a promising avenue of research towards finding the solution to their identification. Detection and modelling of fine structure in particular offers a valuable benchmark against which any proposed carriers(s) can be tested.

scholarly journals Rescuing Immunosenescence via Non-Specific Vaccination

Immuno ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-239
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Mosa
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Population Vulnerability ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Promising Avenue

Discrepancies in lifespan and healthy-life span are predisposing populations to an increasing burden of age-related disease. Accumulating evidence implicates aging of the immune system, termed immunosenescence, in the pathogenesis of multiple age-related diseases. Moreover, immune dysregulation in the elderly increases vulnerability to infection and dampens pathogen-specific immune responses following vaccination. The health challenges manifesting from these age related deficits have been dramatically exemplified by the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Approaches to either attenuate or reverse functional markers of immunosenescence are therefore urgently needed. Recent evidence suggests systemic immunomodulation via non-specific vaccination with live-attenuated vaccines may be a promising avenue to at least reduce aged population vulnerability to viral infection. This short review describes current understanding of immunosenescence, the historical and mechanistic basis of vaccine-mediated immunomodulation, and the outstanding questions and challenges required for broad adoption.

scholarly journals Rapid compressions in a captive bubble apparatus are isothermal

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1896-1900
Author(s):  
Wenfei Yan ◽  
Stephen B. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Gas Phase Molecules ◽  
Actual Change ◽  
Phase Temperature ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Interfacial Films

Captive bubbles are commonly used to determine how interfacial films of pulmonary surfactant respond to changes in surface area, achieved by varying hydrostatic pressure. Although assumed to be isothermal, the gas phase temperature (Tg) would increase by >100°C during compression from 1 to 3 atm if the process were adiabatic. To determine the actual change in temperature, we monitored pressure (P) and volume (V) during compressions lasting <1 s for bubbles with and without interfacial films and used P · V to evaluate Tg. P · V fell during and after the rapid compressions, consistent with reductions in n, the moles of gas phase molecules, because of increasing solubility in the subphase at higher P. As expected for a process with first-order kinetics, during 1 h after the rapid compression P · V decreased along a simple exponential curve. The temporal variation of n moles of gas was determined from P · V >10 min after the compression when the two phases should be isothermal. Back extrapolation of n then allowed calculation of Tg from P · V immediately after the compression. Our results indicate that for bubbles with or without interfacial films compressed to >3 atm within 1 s, the change in Tg is <2°C.

Computational UV Spectra for Amorphous Solids of Small Molecules

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Michael Wallace ◽  
Ryan C. Fortenberry
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Amorphous Solids ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Ammonia Water ◽  
Gas Phase Molecules ◽  
High Level

Ices in the interstellar medium largely exist as amorphous solids composed of small molecules including ammonia, water, and carbon dioxide. Describing gas-phase molecules can be readily accomplished with current high-level...

scholarly journals Strongly aligned gas-phase molecules at free-electron lasers

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (20) ◽  
pp. 204002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kierspel ◽  
Joss Wiese ◽  
Terry Mullins ◽  
Joseph Robinson ◽  
Andy Aquila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
Gas Phase Molecules
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