Modern Landscape-Technical Structure of Vinnytsia City Territory

Purpose. To identify the peculiarities of the modern landscape-technical structure of the city of Vinnytsia in order to improve the urban environment. Methods: systematization of facts, finding of empirical relationships, analytical and cartographic analysis, cartographic, field researches. Results. Vinnytsia is represented by a residential landscape-technical polysystem. Two landscape-technical urban systems are distinguished within the territory of the city: the residential located on undulating loess heights with gullies and ravines covered by oak-hornbeam forests on gray and light gray soils in past; and the industrial-residential located on a flat-undulating loess plateau with gray forest soils and podzolized black soils covered by hornbeam-oak forests in the past. In the structure of these urban systems there are floodplain water-recreational, slope forestry, watershed-road and watershed-field landscape-anthropogenic mesosystems, watersheds of low-rise residential buildings, sloping of low-rise residential buildings, floodplain-terrace of low-rise residential buildings, floodplain-terrace of medium multi-storey residential buildings, floodplain-terrace of industrial-residential buildings, sloping industrial-warehouse buildings, watershed industrial-warehouse buildings landscape-technical mesosystems, watercourse-hydropower, floodplain-pond fishery and floodplain water-recreational landscape-engineering mesosystems. Conclusion. It was found that landscape-technical mesosystems are dominant in the structure of modern landscapes of Vinnytsia, the smallest areas are under landscape-engineering mesosystems. Landscape-technical mesosystems of low-rise residential buildings are dominant by areas. They predominate also in the structure of landscape-technical mesosystems of Vinnytsia. To improve the urban environment, it is necessary to increase the area with landscape-anthropogenic systems of greenery, especially around rivers, roads and industrial enterprises.

Estimation of the Air Emissions of Pollutants Influence on Primary Morbidity Indicator of the Population : Case in Kharkiv Region – Ukraine

Purpose. To establish structural shifts in the indicators of the primary morbidity of the population, and to determine the relationship between the indicators of emissions of pollutants into the air and the primary morbidity of the population of the Kharkiv region. Methods. We used system approach, statistical methods. Results. The structure and dynamics of the number of newly registered cases of diseases and primary morbidity of the population were considered during the period from 2004 to 2017. A correlation-regression analysis of the relationships between emissions and primary morbidity by disease classes in the Kharkiv region was made, which showed the presence of a moderate correlation between the phenomena. The synthesized regression equations can be used to determine the influence of each individual factor (SO2, CO2, N2O emissions) on the primary morbidity of the population for different classes of diseases. In the structure of primary morbidity of the population of Kharkiv region, the major share is made up of diseases of the respiratory, circulatory and nervous systems - their share increased from 49% in 2004 to 51% in 2017 year. Conclusions. The indicators of primary morbidity by diseases of the genitourinary system, nervous system, circulatory system and congenital malformations were the most sensitive to air pollutions and emission CO2 into the atmosphere. The most negative impact on the values of all classes of primary morbidity in the Kharkiv region have CO2, N2O.

Heavy Metals Content in Herpetobiontic Arthropoda on the Territory of Landfills of the Kharkіv City

Purpose. To determine the contamination level of biotic components of the ecosystem of municipal solid waste landfills in the Kharkiv region by sensitive to anthropogenic changes herpetobiotic arthropods. Methods. The species composition of herpetobiotic arthropods was determined by the Barber's traps method. The occurrence of species was evaluated according to the method of A.V. Selikhovkin. The content of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni) in the ash obtained from herpetobionts was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results. The research is the first link of the accumulation of heavy metals by mosquitoes as a component of trophic chains. The species composition of herpetobiotic arthropods was determined - 21 species from 15 families. On the territory of Rogan landfill 15 species from 12 families, and Dergachv -12 species from 8 families. The zoning of the territory according to the degree of landscape transformation was carried out and the structure of the species composition of herpetobionts according to the zones was determined. The basic regularities of zonal differentiation of species in technogenic disturbed territories are determined. As a result of assessing the occurrence of species in the study areas, 7 dominant species were identified at two landfills, in the bodies of which the content of heavy metals was determined. The landscape conditions and ecological situation influences the species composition of the herpetobiontic fauna in a direct way, which confirms the monodominant nature of the species on both landfills. Conclusions. Zonal accommodation and the number of studied fauna on two landfills is different, that indicates their high sensitivity to various environmental conditions. Multiple indicators of heavy metals in the organisms of invertebrate’s organisms indicate the potential safety of these animals on the landfills for their consumers.

Assessment of Competences of Nature Management of Private Farmers

Purpose. Assessment of nature management competencies of owners of private estates in order to achieve a high culture of nature management. Methods. System analysis, survey method. Results. The poll showed that the respondents – residents of small settlements in the Kharkiv region – treat the harvest from their plots not only as a source of satisfying their own needs, but also as a source of additional income. The level of respondents' satisfaction from the sale of plant products is low. The statistics of responses of the use of means of protection of vegetable, fruit, ornamental crops from pests and diseases, the use of crop rotations, drip irrigation, the use of compost, organic and mineral fertilizers are given. The statistics of the attitude of respondents to the landscape arrangement of their estates are presented. Neighborhood rules were difficult for most of the residents surveyed. The respondents quite consciously carried out self-assessment, they had a desire to improve their own competencies, which are necessary for the effective balanced use of natural resources of their own land plot. Conclusions. The survey of respondents revealed the insufficient competence status of owners of private estates in the field of environmental management, mastering these competencies is relevant for the respondents.

International Cooperation of the Karazin Institute of Environmental Sciences: Activity and Outputs

The paper is devoted to present international projects, implemented by Karazin Institute of Environmental Sciences. Key activities and outputs for 2020 on three projects are given in details.

Changes in the Ecological Status of the Surface Water Body Under Man-Made Conditions

Purpose. Determining the adequacy of a mathematical model for analyzing the prediction of changes in the total anion content in the Dnieper basin. Methods. Statistical analysis and mathematical modeling. Results. A retrospective analysis and mathematical modeling based on samples of control water intake of the Dnieper River within the Basin Water Resources Management at 12 posts for the period from 2010 to 2019 The approach to determining the balance of the pollutant contained in the surface water body, which takes into account its lateral inflow, due to man-made impact and the process of decomposition in the aquatic environment. Accidental change of lateral inflows causes fluctuations of coefficients of disintegration and receipt of polluting substance. The stochastic equation of the balance of matter is derived, on the basis of which the equation for the density distribution of its concentration can be constructed. The solution of the equation showed that the density of the distribution obeys the lognormal distribution law. This approach is used to analyze the time series of the sum of anions in the water of a surface water body. The suitability of the lognormal distribution law is confirmed, and the distribution parameters are found. It was found that for the total content of anions the distribution is split into two lognormal branches, one - for high, the other - for low values. The application of statistical distributions for probabilistic prediction of extreme values ​​of indicators is considered. Conclusions. The probability of exceeding (providing) normative limits is calculated, the possibility of its use for the purposes of hydrochemical rationing is demonstrated. In the future, the proposed approach may be the subject of research on the analysis of time series of other pollutants entering the surface water body, due to man-made load on it.

Assessment of the Ecological and Geographical Condition of the Basin System Lakes Strilske (Hydrological Monument of Nature)

Topicality. The available information on specific lakes of nature protection fund (NPF) objects, primarily of local significance, is limited to brief information on morphometric and hydrological characteristics, information on the rare component of aquatic organisms and the species diversity of the adjacent catchment areas. This state of affairs does not benefit the development of protected areas and encourages ecological and geographical searches of lakes or lake-basin systems, which are part of the NPF. Purpose is to assess the ecological and geographical condition of the lake basin system Strelske (hydrological monument of nature) for cadastral needs of NPF objects of Polissya region of Ukraine. Methods of regional constructive-geographical limnology, landscape-limnological analysis, soil-geochemical profiling of lake catchments, GIS-cartographic modeling. Results of the study are presented in the form of a cartographic model of the spatial-typological structure of the lands of the lake catchment. Shooting and substantiation of its geoecological condition, bathymetric map of the lake and morphological-morphometric and hydrological calculations of the LBS. The hydrochemical parameters of the lake were analyzed according to the block of indicators of salt composition, tropho-saprobiological characteristics and substances of toxic action. The lithological composition and capacity of the bottom sediments of the lake are estimated, the graphs of radial migration of chemical elements and compounds at one of the probing points are constructed and the qualitative composition of the lake sapropel is substantiated. Using GIS technologies, a landscape map of the natural-aqual complex of the lake was built. Shooting and landscape-metometric assessment of its morphological structure. Conclusions. The basin system has in the past undergone anthropogenic transformations as a result of reclamation nature management, which has limited the share of surface runoff into the lake. The lake water exceeded the MPC by 1.7 times the chemical oxygen demand, 1.6 times the biological oxygen demand and 2 times the total iron consumption. The lake basin is 65.7% filled with bottom sediments, which are represented mainly by organo-iron sapropel. The littoral aqua facies of the lake suffer the greatest anthropogenic load, which is connected with the recreational activities of the seasonally functioning recreation center.

The Influence of Helium And Cavitation on the Yeast Life Process

Purpose of the study is to іnvestigate the simultaneous effect of cavitation and helium on the viability of yeast of the genus Saccharomyces cerevisiae in water. To study the change in the number of cells during cavitation treatment of the water system in the gas atmosphere. Methods. Yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae type were used as test microorganisms. Freshly prepared distilled desaerated water was used for the research, to which yeast cells were introduced with a microbiological loop. The volume of the model medium was cooled in a glass reactor with tap water, the temperature of which corresponded to 298 ± 1 K. The total duration of the process was 2 hours. The cavitation source was an ultrasonic generator UZDN-2T with frequency of 22 kHz and power of 35 W. The test water was bubbled with gas throughout the process. The test gas was helium. The number of microorganisms per unit volume of test water was determined by the total number of colonies on the nutrient medium on Petri dishes and expressed in colony-forming units (CFU). Results. In the experimental part of the work the process of water treatment with the content of yeast cells under cavitation conditions with simultaneous supply of helium is proposed. The efficiency of water purification from yeast as a result of the combined action of helium/cavitation has been established. The value of the effective rate constant of microorganisms destruction according to the kinetic reaction equation of the first order is calculated. The viability of yeast under cavitation conditions and bubbling of helium through the water system has been studied. The proportion of destroyed cells during the two-hour action of yeast-contaminated water at different treatment regimes was calculated and compared. An active decrease in the number of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the aqueous medium at the beginning of the process with the achievement of the proportion of destroyed cells (Dd) 40.48% after 30 min of combined He/cavitation action at the initial microbiological water contamination of 4.2 · 103 CFU/cm3. NMend = 100 CFU/cm3 after 90 minutes of water treatment, that corresponds to the water purification degree > 97%. The end result is almost pure water, which allows to discharge treated water into natural water. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate intensive cavitation purification of water from the studied microorganisms in the experimental conditions. The influence of the studied gas nature on the process of destruction of microbiological contaminants in water is described.

Environmental Impact Assessment Caused by Emissions from the State Enterprise ‘Kolky Forestry’

Purpose. Estimation of the impact of State Enterprise ‘Kolky Forestry’ pollutants emissions on atmospheric air. Methods. Environmental chemical analysis, instrumental analysis, computational method, generalization and systematization methods, comparativeanalytical, descriptive and cartographic methods. Results. The sources of pollutant emissions of State Enterprise ‘Kolky Forestry’ were examined. During the equipment operation, the following substances are emitted into the atmospheric air: iron oxide, manganese and its compounds, nitrogen oxides (in terms of dioxide), carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, substances in the form of chemically undifferentiated suspended solids, hydrogen sulfide, benzene, hydrocarbons, xylene, toluene, sodium hydroxide, greenhouse gases (methane, carbon dioxide, dinitrogen oxide, NMVOCs). The assessment of pollutants emissions impact on the state of air pollution is carried out according to the results of the estimated dispersion of pollutants in the air and data obtained via instrumental research methods. The concentration of pollutants in the atmospheric surface layer at the borderline of the 100 m sanitary bufferis as follows: nitrogen oxides (in terms of dioxide) – 0.18 MPC, suspended solids – 0.55 MPC, sodium hydroxide (lye, caustic soda) – 0.10 MPC. Conclusions. The estimationof pollutants concentrationon the basis of actual and estimated emission rates revealed that harmful substances concentration in the atmospheric surface layer does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration and does not have a negative effect on human health and the state of the environment at the borderline of the sanitary buffer.