gas recirculation
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Fuel ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 122226
Author(s):  
Xuyang Tang ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Zhongyuan Zhang ◽  
Fengli Zhang ◽  
Lei Shi ◽  
...  

Processes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Kenta Kikuchi ◽  
Tsukasa Hori ◽  
Fumiteru Akamatsu

Hydrogen is expected to be a next-generation energy source that does not emit carbon dioxide, but when used as a fuel, the issue is the increase in the amount of NOx that is caused by the increase in flame temperature. In this study, we experimentally investigated NOx emissions rate when hydrogen was burned in a hydrocarbon gas burner, which is used in a wide temperature range. As a result of the experiments, the amount of NOx when burning hydrogen in a nozzle mixed burner was twice as high as when burning city gas. However, by increasing the flow velocity of the combustion air, the amount of NOx could be reduced. In addition, by reducing the number of combustion air nozzles rather than decreasing the diameter of the air nozzles, a larger recirculation flow could be formed into the furnace, and the amount of NOx could be reduced by up to 51%. Furthermore, the amount of exhaust gas recirculation was estimated from the reduction rate of NOx, and the validity was confirmed by the relationship between adiabatic flame temperature and NOx calculated from the equilibrium calculation by chemical kinetics simulator software.


2022 ◽  
pp. 155-187
Author(s):  
Dhinesh Balasubramanian ◽  
Inbanaathan Papla Venugopal ◽  
Rajarajan Amudhan ◽  
Tanakorn Wongwuttanasatian ◽  
Kasianantham Nanthagopal

2022 ◽  
Vol 961 (1) ◽  
pp. 012048
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Fayad ◽  
Ali Ooda Abd ◽  
Miqdam T. Chaichan ◽  
Hayder A. Dhahad ◽  
Amged Al Ezzi

Abstract The increasing demand to decrease the greenhouse gas emissions leads to find clean fuel and renewable fuel such as ethanol and methanol that good replacement of oil-derived transportation fuels. The combined effects of alcohols blends (ethanol-diesel and methanol-diesel) and with and without EGR on NOX-PM Trade-off in diesel engine were investigated under variable engine loads and speeds. The EGR is considered efficient technology to reduce the NOX emissions in compression ignition (CI) diesel engines. The current study highlighted on the trade-off between nitrogen oxides (NOX) and particulate matter (PM). The oxygenating content in the ethanol blend (E10) and methanol blend (M10) decrease the PM concentrations in the exhaust pipe compared to the diesel fuel for different engine operating conditions with keep NOX emissions in the moderate level. It was found that the NOX/PM concentrations significantly decreased from the combustion of E10 and M10 under variable engine loads and speeds.


2022 ◽  
Vol 961 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
Miqdam T. Chaichan ◽  
Noora S. Ekab ◽  
Mohammed A. Fayad ◽  
Hayder A. Dhahad

Abstract The fuel injection timings, equivalence ratio (Ø) and exhaust gas recirculation are considered the most important parameters can effect on combustion process and lower exhaust emissions concentrations. The influence of 15% EGR technology and operating parameters (Ø and injection timing) on NOX emissions and particulate matter (PM) using oxygenated fuel (ethanol and methanol) blends were investigated in this experimental study. The results showed that the NOX emissions concentrations with increasing the equivalence ratio (Ø) and applied EGR for all fuels studied. Besides, the E10 and M10 decreased the PM concentrations compared to the diesel fuel under various equivalence ratios (Ø). The applied EGR increased the PM concentrations, but when combination of oxygenated fuels and EGR leading to the decrease in the PM formation. The NOX emissions concentrations decreased from the combined effect of EGR and oxygenated fuels by 16.8%, 22.91% and 29.5% from the combustion of diesel, M10 and E10, respectively, under various injection timings. It is indicated that NOX emissions decreased with retarded injection timings, while the PM decreased under advanced injection timings.


Chemosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 132188
Author(s):  
Suman Bajracharya ◽  
Adolf Krige ◽  
Leonidas Matsakas ◽  
Ulrika Rova ◽  
Paul Christakopoulos

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