Size-Resolved Source Emission Rates of Indoor Ultrafine Particles Considering Coagulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (18) ◽  
pp. 10031-10038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghyun Rim ◽  
Jung-Il Choi ◽  
Lance A. Wallace
2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1735-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Krings ◽  
K. Gerilowski ◽  
M. Buchwitz ◽  
M. Reuter ◽  
A. Tretner ◽  
...  

Abstract. MAMAP is an airborne passive remote sensing instrument designed to measure the dry columns of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The MAMAP instrument comprises two optical grating spectrometers: the first observing in the short wave infrared band (SWIR) at 1590–1690 nm to measure CO2 and CH4 absorptions, and the second in the near infrared (NIR) at 757–768 nm to measure O2 absorptions for reference/normalisation purposes. MAMAP can be operated in both nadir and zenith geometry during the flight. Mounted on an aeroplane, MAMAP surveys areas on regional to local scales with a ground pixel resolution of approximately 29 m × 33 m for a typical aircraft altitude of 1250 m and a velocity of 200 km h−1. The retrieval precision of the measured column relative to background is typically ≲1% (1σ). MAMAP measurements are valuable to close the gap between satellite data, having global coverage but with a rather coarse resolution, on the one hand, and highly accurate in situ measurements with sparse coverage on the other hand. In July 2007, test flights were performed over two coal-fired power plants operated by Vattenfall Europe Generation AG: Jänschwalde (27.4 Mt CO2 yr−1) and Schwarze Pumpe (11.9 Mt CO2 yr−1), about 100 km southeast of Berlin, Germany. By using two different inversion approaches, one based on an optimal estimation scheme to fit Gaussian plume models from multiple sources to the data, and another using a simple Gaussian integral method, the emission rates can be determined and compared with emissions reported by Vattenfall Europe. An extensive error analysis for the retrieval's dry column results (XCO2 and XCH4) and for the two inversion methods has been performed. Both methods – the Gaussian plume model fit and the Gaussian integral method – are capable of deriving estimates for strong point source emission rates that are within ±10% of the reported values, given appropriate flight patterns and detailed knowledge of wind conditions.


2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (25) ◽  
pp. 4663-4669 ◽  
Author(s):  
L WANG ◽  
D PARKER ◽  
C PARNELL ◽  
R LACEY ◽  
B SHAW

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 782-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Wu ◽  
Christopher Y. H. Chao ◽  
G. N. Sze-To ◽  
M. P. Wan ◽  
T. C. Chan

Combustion activities such as cigarette smouldering, incense burning and cooking are important sources of particulate matters (PM) in indoor environments. Vacuum cleaning contributes to the non-combustion-related sources of PMs. In this study, we investigated the rates at which ultrafine particles (UFPs) are emitted from cigarettes, incenses and vacuum cleaners in a small test chamber. UFP emission from cooking was obtained by conducting experiments in a residential kitchen. Particle number concentrations and size distributions from these sources were measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and the UFP emission rates were then determined using a material balance approach. The mean UFP emission rates of cigarette smouldering and incense burning were found to be 3.36 ± 0.34 and 0.44 ± 0.33 × 1011 particles min−1 in terms of the number emission rate, or 22.78 ± 1.21 and 3.48 ± 2.98 × 1015 nm2 min−1 in terms of the surface area emission rate, respectively. Vacuum cleaner motor operation and cooking showed high variations in UFP emission, in the ranges 0.013–0.066 and 4.70–148.29 × 1011 particles min−1, respectively. A database of emission rates for UFP sources can be compiled, which will be useful in estimating the UFP concentration and subsequent human exposure.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Junkermann ◽  
Jorg Hacker

<p>Continental as well as maritime ultrafine particles as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are likely initially produced by gas to particle conversion starting with nucleation mode aerosol and slowly (within several hours)  growing into CCN sizes. Although these birth and growing processes were well investigated since about 50 years, the source locations, where the anthropogenic fraction of these particles are preferably formed still remain uncertain as well as the strength of individual natural or anthropogenic sources.</p> <p>We present an analysis based on two decades of airborne studies of number and size distribution measurements across Europe, Australia, Mexico and China on nucleation and Aitken mode particles serving as CCN or their precursors. Selected flight patterns allow source apportionment for typical major sources and even a quantitative estimate of their emission rates. </p> <p>Contrary to current global climate model RCP assumptions with decreasing aerosol from 2005 towards the end of the century trends of ultrafine particles and CCN are no longer correlated to sulphur emissions within the last two decades. Nowadays nitrogen and ammonia chemistry is becoming increasingly important for global anthropogenic nanoparticle particle formation and number concentrations. Due to their impact on the hydrological cycle, changes like a slowdown of raindrop production, an increased latent heat flux into the lower free troposphere, an invigoration of torrential rains and a larger water vapour column density might be the consequences. Such recently observed weather patterns are well in agreement with current observations of regional UFP/CCN concentrations and their timely evolution.</p>


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