Cooperative Heteroassembly of the Adenoviral L4-22K and IVa2 Proteins onto the Viral Packaging Sequence DNA

Biochemistry ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1357-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teng-Chieh Yang ◽  
Nasib Karl Maluf
Keyword(s):  
Viral Packaging ◽  
Packaging Sequence

The Synergy between CRISPR and Chemical Engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-171
Author(s):  
Cia-Hin Lau ◽  
Chung Tin
Keyword(s):  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Genetic Circuits ◽  
Viral Packaging ◽  
Conditional Control ◽  
Logic Operations

Gene therapy and transgenic research have advanced quickly in recent years due to the development of CRISPR technology. The rapid development of CRISPR technology has been largely benefited by chemical engineering. Firstly, chemical or synthetic substance enables spatiotemporal and conditional control of Cas9 or dCas9 activities. It prevents the leaky expression of CRISPR components, as well as minimizes toxicity and off-target effects. Multi-input logic operations and complex genetic circuits can also be implemented via multiplexed and orthogonal regulation of target genes. Secondly, rational chemical modifications to the sgRNA enhance gene editing efficiency and specificity by improving sgRNA stability and binding affinity to on-target genomic loci, and hence reducing off-target mismatches and systemic immunogenicity. Chemically-modified Cas9 mRNA is also more active and less immunogenic than the native mRNA. Thirdly, nonviral vehicles can circumvent the challenges associated with viral packaging and production through the delivery of Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoprotein complex or large Cas9 expression plasmids. Multi-functional nanovectors enhance genome editing in vivo by overcoming multiple physiological barriers, enabling ligand-targeted cellular uptake, and blood-brain barrier crossing. Chemical engineering can also facilitate viral-based delivery by improving vector internalization, allowing tissue-specific transgene expression, and preventing inactivation of the viral vectors in vivo. This review aims to discuss how chemical engineering has helped improve existing CRISPR applications and enable new technologies for biomedical research. The usefulness, advantages, and molecular action for each chemical engineering approach are also highlighted.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Interaction of the Adenovirus L1 52/55-Kilodalton and IVa2 Proteins with the Packaging Sequence In Vivo and In Vitro

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 2366-2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Perez-Romero ◽  
Ryan E. Tyler ◽  
Johanna R. Abend ◽  
Monica Dus ◽  
Michael J. Imperiale
Keyword(s):  
Viral Protein ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Dna Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
In Vitro Interaction ◽  
Packaging Sequence

ABSTRACT We previously showed that the adenovirus IVa2 and L1 52/55-kDa proteins interact in infected cells and the IVa2 protein is part of two virus-specific complexes (x and y) formed in vitro with repeated elements of the packaging sequence called the A1-A2 repeats. Here we demonstrate that both the IVa2 and L1 52/55-kDa proteins bind in vivo to the packaging sequence and that each protein-DNA interaction is independent of the other. There is a strong and direct interaction of the IVa2 protein with DNA in vitro. This interaction is observed when probes containing the A1-A2 or A4-A5 repeats are used, but it is not found by using an A5-A6 probe. Furthermore, we show that complex x is likely a heterodimer of IVa2 and an unknown viral protein, while complex y is a monomer or multimer of IVa2. No in vitro interaction of purified L1 52/55-kDa protein with the packaging sequence was found, suggesting that the L1 52/55-kDa protein-DNA interaction may be mediated by an intermediate protein. Results support roles for both the L1 52/55-kDa and IVa2 proteins in DNA encapsidation.

scholarly journals Nucleotide-dependent DNA gripping and an end-clamp mechanism regulate the bacteriophage T4 viral packaging motor

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Ordyan ◽  
Istiaq Alam ◽  
Marthandan Mahalingam ◽  
Venigalla B. Rao ◽  
Douglas E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Bacteriophage T4 ◽  
Viral Packaging

scholarly journals A Charged Performance by gp17 in Viral Packaging

Cell ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (7) ◽  
pp. 1169-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Scott Williams ◽  
Gareth J. Williams ◽  
John A. Tainer
Keyword(s):  
Viral Packaging

scholarly journals Structural optimization for remote white light-emitting diodes with quantum dots and phosphor: packaging sequence matters

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (26) ◽  
pp. A1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Xie ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Junjie Hao ◽  
Dan Wu ◽  
Xingjian Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Structural Optimization ◽  
White Light ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
White Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Packaging Sequence

scholarly journals Improvement of influenza vaccine strain A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (H5N1) growth with the neuraminidase packaging sequence from A/Puerto Rico/8/34

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqi Pan ◽  
Zhenyuan Dong ◽  
Weixu Meng ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Packaging Sequence

Interaction of the adenoviral IVa2 protein with a truncated viral DNA packaging sequence

2009 ◽  
Vol 140 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 78-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teng-Chieh Yang ◽  
Qin Yang ◽  
Nasib Karl Maluf
Keyword(s):  
Dna Packaging ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Viral Dna Packaging ◽  
Packaging Sequence

scholarly journals Role for the Adenovirus IVa2 Protein in Packaging of Viral DNA

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (21) ◽  
pp. 10446-10454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Jonathan A. Low ◽  
Joan B. Christensen ◽  
Michael J. Imperiale
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Helper Virus ◽  
Dna Packaging ◽  
Chimeric Virus ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
293 Cells ◽  
Inverted Terminal Repeats ◽  
Viral Dna Packaging ◽  
Packaging Sequence

ABSTRACT Although it has been demonstrated that the adenovirus IVa2 protein binds to the packaging domains on the viral chromosome and interacts with the viral L1 52/55-kDa protein, which is required for viral DNA packaging, there has been no direct evidence demonstrating that the IVa2 protein is involved in DNA packaging. To understand in greater detail the DNA packaging mechanisms of adenovirus, we have asked whether DNA packaging is serotype or subgroup specific. We found that Ad7 (subgroup B), Ad12 (subgroup A), and Ad17 (subgroup D) cannot complement the defect of an Ad5 (subgroup C) mutant,pm8001, which does not package its DNA due to a mutation in the L1 52/55-kDa gene. This indicates that the DNA packaging systems of different serotypes cannot interact productively with Ad5 DNA. Based on this, a chimeric virus containing the Ad7 genome except for the inverted terminal repeats and packaging sequence from Ad5 was constructed. This chimeric virus replicates its DNA and synthesizes Ad7 proteins, but it cannot package its DNA in 293 cells or 293 cells expressing the Ad5 L1 52/55-kDa protein. However, this chimeric virus packages its DNA in 293 cells expressing the Ad5 IVa2 protein. These results indicate that the IVa2 protein plays a role in viral DNA packaging and that its function is serotype specific. Since this chimeric virus cannot package its own DNA, but produces all the components for packaging Ad7 DNA, it may be a more suitable helper virus for the growth of Ad7 gutted vectors for gene transfer.

scholarly journals Vertical silicon nanowires as a universal platform for delivering biomolecules into living cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 1870-1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex K. Shalek ◽  
Jacob T. Robinson ◽  
Ethan S. Karp ◽  
Jin Seok Lee ◽  
Dae-Ro Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Silicon Nanowires ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Viral Packaging ◽  
Neuronal Progenitor ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Surface Modified

A generalized platform for introducing a diverse range of biomolecules into living cells in high-throughput could transform how complex cellular processes are probed and analyzed. Here, we demonstrate spatially localized, efficient, and universal delivery of biomolecules into immortalized and primary mammalian cells using surface-modified vertical silicon nanowires. The method relies on the ability of the silicon nanowires to penetrate a cell’s membrane and subsequently release surface-bound molecules directly into the cell’s cytosol, thus allowing highly efficient delivery of biomolecules without chemical modification or viral packaging. This modality enables one to assess the phenotypic consequences of introducing a broad range of biological effectors (DNAs, RNAs, peptides, proteins, and small molecules) into almost any cell type. We show that this platform can be used to guide neuronal progenitor growth with small molecules, knock down transcript levels by delivering siRNAs, inhibit apoptosis using peptides, and introduce targeted proteins to specific organelles. We further demonstrate codelivery of siRNAs and proteins on a single substrate in a microarray format, highlighting this technology’s potential as a robust, monolithic platform for high-throughput, miniaturized bioassays.

scholarly journals Influenza A and B Virus Intertypic Reassortment through Compatible Viral Packaging Signals

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (18) ◽  
pp. 10778-10791 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Baker ◽  
A. Nogales ◽  
C. Finch ◽  
K. M. Tuffy ◽  
W. Domm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Packaging ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Packaging Signals
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