Phase-Transfer Catalysis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide:  Kinetic and Mechanistic Investigations of Cyanide Displacement on Benzyl Chloride

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 3252-3259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Chandler ◽  
Christy W. Culp ◽  
David R. Lamb ◽  
Charles L. Liotta ◽  
Charles A. Eckert
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Benzyl Chloride ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysis ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Mechanistic Investigations ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Functionalized Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimers as Novel Phase Transfer Catalysts in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 4634-4640 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. V. Goetheer ◽  
M. W. P. L. Baars ◽  
L. J. P. van den Broeke ◽  
E. W. Meijer ◽  
J. T. F. Keurentjes
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysts ◽  
Poly Propylene ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Reactivity of palladium nanoparticles supported on a microemulsion-based organogel network in supercritical carbon dioxide‡

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazumitsu Naoe ◽  
Tatsuya Ando ◽  
Kenta Kawasaki ◽  
Masanao Imai
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Pd Nanoparticles ◽  
Appreciable Change ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Gelatin Concentration ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Palladium (Pd) nanoparticles were prepared using the phase transfer method and coated with alkylamines as stabilizing agents stably dispersed in nonpolar solvents. Spherical Pd nanoparticles with an average diameter of 4 nm and a relatively narrow size distribution were obtained using hexylamine or dodecylamine, and they were successfully incorporated in microemulsion-based gelatin organogel (OG); also, an OG network containing Pd nanoparticles was prepared via drying. For the Mizoroki–Heck cross-coupling reaction of iodobenzene with methyl acrylate in supercritical carbon dioxide, the Pd nanoparticles in the OG network exhibited much higher reactivity than those in powder state. Preparation conditions of OG (e.g., gelatin concentration) affected the apparent reactivity of the supported Pd nanoparticles. The Pd nanoparticles in the OG network with high gelatin concentration were recycled with no appreciable change of reactivity. In contrast, the reactivity of the Pd nanoparticles with low gelatin concentration decreased during recycling.

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